Hayeks View Of Governing Inequality - 1545 Words

Social inequality can either be considered natural and necessary as inequalities creates incentives for individuals to work harder, or it can be considered systematic, an integral feature of social order that creates winners and losers. The former view would not consider inequality a public matter, therefore does not require governing. The latter however, would consider inequality a public issue that can only be reduced by government implementing policies to so. This essay will compare and contrast Hayek’s view of governing inequality with that of Stiglitz. To Hayek, strong state intervention restricts the freedom of individuals. His concept of freedom is without coercion and he is clear that people can only be coerced by other people and not by circumstance. Those who are unemployed or those who are living in poverty do so because of the market’s function of rewarding those with certain skills and penalizing those without. For Hayek, while these people may be suffering, they are not coerced because the market is an impersonal mechanism. (Blakeley and Clarke, p. 353) It is only constraint of freedom by people that is damaging. According to him, any intervention from the state to regulate society, however well intentioned the motives, will inevitably lead to coercive government, and ultimately a loss of freedom. Hayek views inequality as natural because they are a result of the differences in innate human nature. It is his view that some people are just more gifted than

Shakespeare And Catholicism Essay - 1243 Words

By researching the life and writings of William Shakespeare, it can be shown that many Christian values and beliefs are displayed through his literary works. In order to understand the religious content in Shakespeares work it is helpful to first understand what the religious environment in England was like around Shakespeares time. England, ever since it was ruled by the Romans, had been a Catholic nation. Before Shakespeares lifetime, a drastic change occurred that completely upended the existing Catholicism of the English people. During King Henry VIIIs reign, the English people were, for the most part, content with Catholicism. Through a series of very complex political maneuvers, Henry eventually seized power of the English†¦show more content†¦Being a small town meant that these religious changes occurred more slowly and later than they did in London. As with the majority of English towns, Stratford did not welcome the reformations of their religion imposed by the stat e (Milward 17). In time, the town bore these mandated changes out of necessity. There is some evidence that Shakespeares parents were Catholic before the Reformation and remained so at heart after it. John Shakespeare, Williams father, held a high position in Stratford. At one point in his life, in order to receive a promotion, John had to take an oath that was anti-Catholic in nature and affirmed Queen Elizabeth I as the head of the Church of England (Milward 18-19). Later in his life, when Johns fortunes had slipped some, his attendance in Protestant meetings stopped (Milward 19). Other evidence of Johns adherence to Catholicism comes from an archaeological find. A spiritual testament of John Shakespeare was found after his death. Spiritual testaments were popular among English Catholics of that time. They were professions of adherence to the Catholic faith (Milward 21). Shakespeares mother, Mary, came from a devout Catholic family that held positions throughout the Catholic church before its demise in England (Milward 21). Shakespeares family appears, at most, nominally Protestant, merely for the purpose of remaining a functioning part of Stratford (Milward 22). Once JohnsShow MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeare s Hamlet 1137 Words   |  5 PagesAt the very beginning Shakespeare could not have been a Catholic even if he wanted to, because Queen Elizabeth I had outlawed Catholicism during her reign. That being said, I can also use quotes and historical facts to solidify my basis of belief that Shakespeare was a protestant either through forced beliefs or in his own beliefs shown in the play. In the play, â€Å"Hamlet†, by Shakespeare there are specific quotes that show certain beliefs that only a Protestant would have. In the very beginning, theRead More Essay on Religion in the Works of William Shakespeare1720 Words   |  7 PagesReligion in the Works of Shakespeare       The purpose of this essay is to explore the religious nature of William Shakespeares plays. This essay covers three topics surrounding Shakespeares work: the religious climate of 16th Century England, Shakespeares upbringing (school, parents, Stratford itself), and a brief introduction into the impact his society and upbringing had upon his work.    I. THE RELIGIOUS CLIMATE OF 16TH CENTURY ENGLAND    In order to understand the religiousRead MoreWilliam Shakespeares Hamlet981 Words   |  4 PagesWilliam Shakespeare is a historic writer that is well known and wrote many plays in his lifetime. In most of his plays, if not all, he has incorporated hidden meanings and messages. The majority of his hidden meanings are controversial topics of his time period. In Shakespeare’s play, Hamlet, the controversial topic that is throughout the play is religion and the afterlife. Afterlife plays a big role in Hamlet and is discussed throughout the play. Multiple authors have written on the topic of afterlifeRead MoreRomeo And Juliet And West Side Story Are Both Iconic, Enjoyable1414 Words   |  6 Pagesstories, their origins, and their authors. Romeo and Juliet was written by William Shakespeare, a famous actor and playwright. William Shakespeare was born on April 23, 1564, near Stratford. Shakespeare is considered the most famous writer by some, however there are some things we don’t know a whole lot about him. We get most information about him from church documents as well as legal documents. His father, John Shakespeare was a shop keeper and high bailiff. His mother, Mary Arden, was a part of theRead MoreWhy Were Jews and Christians Separated in The Elizabethan Time Period? 1504 Words   |  7 Pagespush myself and look at outside resources. I decided I should look for a book instead of researching more online. I talked to my school librarian and I looked though the card catalog under Shakespeare. With many cards, I decided to research Shakespeare and Catholicism, where I would be able to relate Catholicism to Shakespeare’s time. Throughout this process, I didn’t understand the directions clearly about citing throughout the paper. I thought the â€Å"journal† was just kind of getting your ideasRead MoreReligious Conflict Between Two Christian Sects, Catholicism And The New Reformation1427 Words   |  6 PagesReligion in Elizabethan England was complex, and the leaders of the time were the reason behind this complication. This religious conflict between two Christian sects, Catholicism and the new Reformation religions (such as the Church of England and Protestantism) began with Henry VIII. In order to obtain a divorce from one of his wives, he created the Church of England, which he was the head of. Starting with him, the monarch controlled religion, which had previously been controlled by the pope.Read More Measure for Measure Essay: The Pontification of Isabella1134 Words   |  5 PagesMeasure for Measure   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Within Measure for Measure the character of Isabella is characterized as an innocent pure female, and there is a focus on her ever-present moral dilemma. By using Elizabethan perspectives on women, nuns, and chastity, Shakespeare uses Isabella to reveal character traits and morality of those around her.   However in opposition Isabella made be seen as an individual who pontificates too much when her brother’s life is at stake, it is perhaps easier for Isabella to suffer theRead MoreThe Significance of Death and Sex to William Shakespeare1482 Words   |  6 PagesSignificance of Death and Sex to William Shakespeare In this essay, I will consider Death and Sin in Shakespearean drama and I would like to look at three of Shakespeares tragic plays: Hamlet, Othello and King Lear. Shakespeare uses many themes in all his play that attract audiences throughout history. The things he wrote about are as relevant now as they were in his time. Death and Sin were issues that are always around. In his plays, Shakespeare could comment on these things and makeRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Hamlet 1465 Words   |  6 PagesMirror to Society Within the play Hamlet, William Shakespeare wrote what he thought to be the purpose of theatre. He defined theatre to be the actor’s ability to hold up a mirror to nature and portray what is actually happening within society. During the time of Shakespeare, the main aim in theatre was to create a night of entertainment, where society could escape from the issues of the day. However, Shakespeare’s message of reflection would take hold in the 19th-century as the primary purposeRead MoreNotes on Monarchy962 Words   |  4 PagesRenaissance ideas = shipbuilding, techniques, astrolabe, compass...Humanism = human accomplishments of exploration... Printing press helped circulate news of Columbuss travel | Legitimacy supported by Machiavellis ideas... Elizabeth patroned Shakespeare | Reformation | Gutenbergs printing press = Renaissance ideas spread... Religion = Art Pope wanted to make a new dome for sistine chapel. Michelangelo was asked to paint it. the pope needed $ to build so he sold indulgences. Luther was against

Marketing Strategies of Vodafone

Question: What is the Marketing Strategies of Vodafone ? Answer : Introduction The Vodafone Group is the mobile communications organization with the most noteworthy nearness around the globe. In September 2010, they had more than 354 million clients around the globe. Vodafone now work in more than 31 nations where the company has possession interests and band together with systems in more than 42 more (Lancaster et al., 2012). In an undeniably associated world, they need to keep giving an exceptional reaction to subscribers or clients' aggregate correspondences needs, regardless of whether mobile or settled (voice, the Web, and TV) and to be a truly appreciated, absolutely client-arranged, imaginative, focused and aspiring organization. Features, Characteristics, and Benefits of their Product/Service With Vodafone, clients can simply be associated with the general population and things that are the most vital. Regardless of whether moving, at home or at work, our clients can tally at all circumstances on powerful, inventive administrations, the most recent telephones and a magnificent Customer Care Service to help them take full benefits of life openings (Parasuraman et al., 2015). An appropriate Target Market The Company's entrance in 1992 into a market only overwhelmed by a state-owned operator drastically changed the overarching view of the mobile telephone, which until at that point was viewed as a grown-up toy or a device held for a well-off world class. Vodafone tested this picture by presenting another idea of a helpful, moderate administration, equipped for reacting to every one of clients' interchanges needs. Vodafone was the key improvement and development motor of the Portuguese cell showcase, achieving significant change in the mobile media communications scene in Portugal. Since Vodafone began to operations, they have been a key player in the communications industry in Portugal and a pioneer in development, branding and consumer loyalty. They have more than 6.1 million clients enlisted on the cell network, compared to more than 33% of all clients of mobile services in the national market (Parasuraman et al, 2011). The Marketing Objectives Vodafone Portugal is as a worldwide telecommunications operator equipped for reacting to its clients' aggregate correspondence needs. Its solid client introduction and the unfathomable encounter gained in the mobile market are the premise of the Company's development, which amid over 18 years has possessed the capacity to keep up the largest amounts of client fulfillment in the Portuguese market (Slater, 2011). Vodafone Portugal constructs its business and methodology on separation. This is the organization's development and intensity premise, and it is recognized by four primary components: CRM a great Customer Service and Customer Relationship Management Brand a great telecommunication services brand Innovation the telecommunications firm offers the applicable and innovative services. Merging The best-combined communications services SWOT Analysis Having begun to work under the brand Telecel in October 1992, the Company started to be known as Telecel Vodafone in January 2001, starting a fruitful brand movement that finished in the appropriation of the Vodafone mark in October of that year (Toyne Walters, 2013). That procedure mirrors the organization's association with the biggest mobile telecommunications bunch on the planet. Being a piece of a Group of this nature and scale empowers Vodafone to offer our clients/subscribers even more aggressive costs and ever better and more separated new services and handsets, profiting from the picture of a standout amongst the most effective worldwide brands, perceived everywhere throughout the world. With the advantage of a popular brand and various opportunities, it doesnt mean Vodafone is immune to threats and weaknesses. The SWOT Analysis of the company is summarized in the table below. Strengths 2nd biggest mobile service provider by subscribers Geographically diversified business Advanced and developed network Robust brand appreciation Opportunities Extend Spring Vodafone made a net profit of around $41 billion through divesting its stake in Verizon. The telecoms giant plans to devote that bonus on restructuring its arrangements to LTE/4G. Emerging economies like India Fixed telecom and cable services Weaknesses Sluggish economic environment in Europe Stiff competition all over Absence in the lucrative US industry Threats Market fullness in Europe Uncertain regulatory climate Over-The-Top services like Skype, WhatsApp. Gaps between Marketing Objectives and Companys Capabilities According to Tripp et al (2015), two gaps exist in most companies such as the gap between the desire of customer and impression of administration. With a specific end goal to have the capacity to surpass a clients desires, and along these lines to guarantee consumer loyalty, organizations need to have a reasonable and exact observation about client desires. An absence of such information makes a gap. That can be one of the principal purposes behind administration clients not being fulfilled. The gap between the impression of administration and administration quality particular. Regardless of the possibility that administration precisely sees client desires, there are still odds of client disappointment that can be brought on by the hole in arranging the nature of the service as per client desires (Sirgy, 2012). Pestle (or PEST) Analysis The primary Political components influencing Vodafone to incorporate EU Roaming Regulation that expects to abatement charges for mobile telephone utilizations abroad by 69.8% (Preissl et al., 2009). Economic variables likewise influence Vodafone principal of which are the development of GDP and the level of swelling rate inside business sectors where the organization works. A possibility is there of Social elements that influence Vodafone. For example, shifting work plans which are outstandingly renowned for making people telecommute gradually. The outcome of technological variables on Vodafone is without doubt. Particularly, a technological growth in interchanges and increase of optional methods for communication, for instance, online chat rooms in addition to WhatsApp. Notwithstanding the ordinary GSM services, Vodafone likewise offers services whose spearheading, what's more, at times, selective nature underlines our authority in advancement and Client introduction. Marketing Strategy These incorporate services, for example, Vodafone 360, an Internet connection for mobile telephones, PCs that unites clients' phone, email, social contacts and chat service in one place, and Vodafone Casa, described by the simplicity of establishment, the straightforwardness of utilization and focused costs. As a major aspect of Vodafone's turn into new business zones in the telecommunications showcase, for this situation fixed interchanges phone, the Internet, and TV now additionally given their optical fiber coming to more than 190,000 homes in Porto and Greater Lisbon (Sirgy, 2012). Implementation of the Strategy The execution of an advertising program requires complete consideration, joint endeavors and specific aptitude over the distinctive elements of an organization. Complex ventures, for example, the procurement of another market section require successful collaboration, as undertakings can't just be separated up and taken a shot at exclusively. Exercises should be adjusted; the fundamental data should be traded, and correspondence improved so that everybody recognizes what to do and knows about their commitment to the entire organization. Conclusion Vodafone is the biggest mobile system retailer on the planet regarding turnover, needs to keep on growing by offering value added services. For Vodafone to maintain the upper-hand, it needs to refresh the operations with innovation. If Vodafone wants to enter a market, at that moment they apply their innovative strategies and augment Customer Service. Modernization is dependably a fluctuating viewpoint in the mobile phone trade, therefore Vodafone has a competitive advantage to alter the services for the better. Vodafone's greatest strength is their impalpable resources such as their employees, who are essential strength for the organization to be in the lead of their competitors. References Lancaster, G, Massingham, L Ashford, R, (2012), Essentials of Marketing, fourth edition, McGraw-Hill Parasuraman, A, Berry, LL Zeithaml, VA, (2011) Understanding Customer Expectations of Service, Sloan Management Review, Issue: 32(3) Parasuraman, A, Zeithaml, VA, Berry, LL, (2015) A Conceptual Model of Service Quality and its Implications for Future Research, Journal of Marketing Preissl, B, Curwen, P Haucap, J, (2009) Telecommunication Markets: Drivers and Impediments, Springer Sirgy, M. J. (2012) Self-Concept in Consumer Behavior: A Critical Review, The Journal of Consumer Research and Marketing Strategies, 9 (3), 287-300. Slater, S. F. (2011) Developing a Customer Value-Based Theory of the Firm, Journal of the References (2), 162-167. Slater, S. F. and Narver, J. C. (2015) Market Orientation and the Learning Organization, The Journal of Marketing, 59 (3), 63-74. Toyne, B. and Walters, P. G. P. (2013) Global Marketing Management - A Strategic Perspective, Boston MA: Allyn and Bacon Tripp, H. C. M. v., Hoyer, W. D., and Inman, J. J. (2015) Why Switch? Product Category: Level Explanations for True Variety-Seeking Behavior, Journal of Marketing Research, 33 (3), 281-292.

Polaroid Corporation free essay sample

A case analysis of Polaroid Corporation outlining its competitive strategies, organization hierarchy and current status. The following paper examines the role of strategic management in an organization especially one that is in the competitive environment of technology, such as Polaroid. This essay examines how Polaroid managed to start off with a figment of imagination of land, and eventually turned into a multi million dollar empire. However, the process of getting to such a large corporation took some process thinking on the part of the management. The writer examines the effectivity of Polaroids Managements decisions. When Polaroid first started out it was the only leader in the market. With its innovative technology, it managed to a large market base that eventually became its main consumers. However, soon it was faced with competition in the form of Berkley Photo and later on from international and local divisions in the form of Kodak, Eastman and Fuji. We will write a custom essay sample on Polaroid Corporation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It was likely that Polaroid would be facing competition as it diversified in its various divisions. For instance in the movie business, camera business as well as vendor relationship.

History on Thomas Jefferson essays

History on Thomas Jefferson essays In the excerpts from Thomas Jeffersons Notes on the State of Virginia I get the idea that Jefferson was kind of two sided on his views of slavery in many ways. But in Jeffersons case he actually fought on the side of the slaves in the handout. He talks about how the slaves are much more hard workers then the whites. Also he talks about how they can do some of the little things in life better then the whites that they served and worked for. But toward the end of the handout it is possible to argue that Jefferson was proslavery and yet on the other hand antislavery in his views. You can argue that Jefferson was proslavery also for hinting that after the slaves were freed that they are not to be allowed to mix with the society and yet be cast far away from the reach of mixtures in the community. There needs to be a resolution in that was Thomas Jefferson actually fighting for the slaves and saying that slavery was wrong or was he just saying that to make the people of the congress happy and in secret showing that he personally didnt like them and didnt want them in the culture. In the Notes on the State of Virginia Jefferson goes on the record as saying that in his view the slaves work harder then the whites do for several reasons. One of the things he says is that They secrete more from the glands then from the kidneys, which gives them a very strong and disagreeable odor. This great degree of transpiration renders them more tolerant of heat and less so of cold, than the whites. From him saying this he is trying to say that the blacks can work harder under warmer and colder conditions since their bodies have the ability to sweat more keeps them going longer. From this we get the understanding that in the case of work that blacks are much better then the whites and in a sense that whites are inferior to the work that the blacks do. Jefferson also hints to the fact th...

More Than Just One Weird Trick Alex Mayor, Publicist

More Than Just One Weird Trick Alex Mayor, Publicist More Than Just 'One Weird Trick' - Alex Mayor, Publicist â€Å"When I raise the issue of marketing a book with a lot of authors, you sort of see the three lemons come up for them - â€Å"Why aren’t I doing that? Why didn’t I think of doing this?† - and for others they look moderately terrified!†Traditional publishers have tried to embrace the new media tech menagerie plenty of times over the last decade, at least. And yet every effort has faded away with time, lost like tears in the rain. Whether it’s book trailers or staid, conservatively hashtagged tweets from a corporate account, it feels a little like watching a toddler trying to walk: graceless, but at least sort of fascinating to watch them fall down as they learn from their mistakes.Or, if we can reach for another simile, traditional publishers trying to innovate are like 20th century passenger liners trying to slalom around icebergs - innovation requires a manoeuvrability that, in 99% of cases, is at odds with the size of the company trying to inn ovate.This is, however, another coup for indie authors. As Ben Galley explained in his interview with us, indies aren’t shackled the way traditionally published authors are. The room for experimentation is there.This is where people like Alex Mayor come in. Alex is the founder / inventor of Papercasting, a Hackney-based agency helping authors find interesting and unheard of ways to bring their books to an audience, whether that’s through audio, video, or even real-world theatrical productions. The best way to explain it is to let Alex himself talk you through it in our interview below, but you can listen to a Papercast for ‘London Bridge in America’ right here!REEDSYHow long have you guys existed for?   How did you get started? How many of you are there?ALEX MAYORAt the moment it’s me and two part-time creative guys that I work with. Because of the friends I have, I’ve ended up knowing quite a few authors. They would come to me saying †Å"The book’s finally done, it’s coming out, but I’m not sure how it’s going to do. I know what the publisher is going to do: they’re going to spring for drinks for a launch party; they might put some promotional postcards together but they probably won’t; and then, after they’ve sent out the review copies, if nothing happens in that first month that’s kind of it.†So what I’ve been doing so far is basically helping out friends. Now I’m trying to move beyond the friendship circles. The idea has been to find authors who are prepared to do something a bit more interesting in terms of how they promote themselves.I’ve also had some support from the Arts Council, who were very interested in the idea. They see that creatives within what we might call ‘the literary world’ writ large suffer to a large degree from being not necessarily the most internet-savvy, the most marketing-savvy - writing by i ts nature is a solipsistic undertaking. Also, traditional publishing, assailed as it is by modernity, is spending less on promo simply because of the sheer number of places they’re trying to reach.Last year we did a few examples of work. Now we’re trying to ramp it up, to find authors with some sort of social footprint, and create pieces of digital work that will help promote them. An author phoned me up last week: â€Å"I’ve suddenly thought this is perfect radio material. This story is quite Carver-esque, it would work really well. Can we make a ten-minute version of this as a radio play?† And I said â€Å"Of course we can, I can find the actors, we can do it all fairly cheaply,† and the author can then use that as a calling card to media organisations, put it online for streaming, and use it to build interest in the books.I’m getting a lot of interest from a certain kind of author - authors who think â€Å"I’ve made something, and I want people to pay interest in it and engage with what I’m doing,† rather than just seeing it as â€Å"A book has been printed with my words in it, my work here is done.† When I raise the issue with a lot of authors, you sort of see the three lemons come up for them - â€Å"Why aren’t I doing that? Why didn’t I think of doing this?† - and for others they look moderately terrified!My background is in media, in publishing; I’ve written music for television, I’ve produced records†¦ I view everything as just ‘stuff.’ It’s stuff that has an audience, somehow, and I’m fairly open-minded about how you reach the audience. In book-publishing, traditionally you have the agent, the publisher who’s kept at one remove†¦ everyone is in their own box. There isn’t a lot of moving around, and publishers don’t tend to want to upset that situation too much. But authors may well know thei r audience *better* than a big corporate publisher. It’s just a fact that if an author is good at writing books about Norwegian circus acts of the 18th century, it may be that they know the most important people who will help sell that book.REEDSYSo what is paper casting? Is it a verb, a noun†¦?ALEX MAYORIt’s both! I wanted a word that would help authors understand the idea that they could be broadcasting. What is being on Twitter but a form of broadcasting? Making a radio play, putting a video together, they’re all kinds of broadcasting. I believe when you’ve got a book you’ve created something that can be expressed in a multitude of ways. You’ve already done the hard bit in finding a way to bring that idea off the page in a way that gets people excited. But because authors are traditionally left out of the equation by publishers, they haven’t been too entrepreneurial in that regard.It’s a business and an experiment. Iâ⠂¬â„¢m trying to find out if there are enough authors who want to do this. I think it’s going to be younger authors probably, or authors who are very good on social media, but within five to ten years there will be an entire generation of writers who have always had a Facebook account, who have always shared their top-of-the-mind thoughts on some network tool or another. This model is waiting to happen, even if it hasn’t yet happened.REEDSYI remember a few years ago this craze for book trailers†¦ALEX MAYORYes! And they were all awful! They were all mind-bogglingly bad. I’ve trawled through loads of these. I noticed that, once YouTube was a fairly embedded prospect in people’s minds, you’d hear people asking â€Å"Do we do video?† This idea that ‘doing some video’ would add value to something, that if you didn’t have an active YouTube account you weren’t really a player.That thinking was evident in pretty much every book trailer I’ve ever seen, particularly ones paid for by publishing companies - where they’ve done a Ken Burns slow-pan over the front cover, they’ve brought a rent-a-quote up, there’s a piece of out-of-copyright classical music playing in the background, it’s two minutes long, and nobody will ever look at it. They’ve not been terribly interesting by and large. That, or - fair enough - a film of the author reading a bit of it, which is at least a step in the right direction.I think it’s been something publishers did badly, and to some degree consider an experiment they don’t really want to repeat. The question is still outstanding because the way we consume literature is changing under our feet all the time. It’s not changing totally, and there’ll be an element of the market, like vinyl, that will always buy the physical book. But how we consume what we call books is changing all the time. Technology compa nies are the ones charging forward and providing those experiences, not publishers.REEDSYIt feels like that even amongst the best of those efforts, there’s rarely much of a tie to the book being promoted. Even my favourite example of a book trailer, while a great little clip, doesn’t connect directly to the book in question.ALEX MAYORI think when you mentioned that 2011/2012 moment, the concomitant line of thinking in marketing departments across the land was â€Å"Can we do something viral?† as if they’d discovered the idea of disease for the first time and were embracing it wholeheartedly. I think the danger of some of those things is that they can be cool, but you see so much cool stuff every day I think there’s a burnout you get to.My feeling is there is, particularly in non-fiction publishing, an enormous number of perfectly good books where it will always be a tricky prospect for a publishing house to find a lot of marketing muscle and budget to push it. Unless your name is Malcolm Gladwell, how many of these are you going to shift? There are all these books that are perfectly interesting, but they’re not as immediate. They’re not things that it would be so easy to make a viral or funny trailer for, but they’ve got something in them that will make you stop in your tracks. And I think the process is find the core of the book - the elevator pitch, the one surprising thing that you’d hear from the author at a cocktail party and repeat to your friends.Say you had an Oliver Sacks neuro-psychological ramble with interesting case-studies. OK, so you get two actors in, find some dialogue that’s interesting, maybe make a two minute radio play out of it, and at the end you’ve got your buy-link - you’ve tee’d up the experience of the book. Where those trailers went wrong is that there were a) uninteresting, and b) they weren’t thinking about the content of the book. Th ey were thinking about the object: â€Å"Here is a book.† Well, yeah, we get it, here’s a book. There are lots of books. Why do we want to read it?I’m still trying to find more authors who have a little bit more of a social footprint who are prepared to be more Gonzo with me. As a premise, I think it’s not expensive to make this kind of media - it’s just about having the willpower to do it.REEDSYIt seems like what you’re doing requires more than just money thrown at it - it also needs creativity, an idea.ALEX MAYORMy ambition for 2015 is to find more of these authors and ramp it up to the point where what we have is a form of entertainment in its own right. If you could image a channel of this stuff, and you were flipping through it, these would be interesting ways of hearing about interesting new books. Maybe some people would listen to them and get whatever they get out of it, but there would be people who click through and buy the book. I t’s a case of taking what’s already a very well considered piece of media, a book manuscript, and creating something slightly smaller in a different format out of the book for not a lot of money. It’s not difficult stuff to do. For me it’s about editorial and production, and finding that killer idea that’s at the heart of the thing. There will be something - you can’t write a book and have no point.REEDSYHow do you produce one of these things? How does your agency work?ALEX MAYORWe have a little studio in Hackney - BBC quality microphones and all of that jazz. Mostly what will happen is I’ll sit down with the author and get them to pitch the book back to me. I’ll obviously go read the manuscript. I’ll come back with suggestions of ways we could bring it off the page. The author has to feel comfortable with what we’re envisioning. It may be that they’re going to be reading, or that they’re not going t o be reading and someone else will be found†¦ It’s very tailored to the person. At its core it’s about understanding the central strengths of the book.People have been asking â€Å"Oh, so we’d be making a video?† I always say â€Å"We might be, but we might not be.† Video is hard to do without a degree of cost because to do justice to the written word in film is notoriously hard. It’s very hard to do without immediately becoming boring, in my opinion. I think audio is a better choice, by and large, because you can maintain the reader’s own interactivity - that way they’re assembling the words in their head and seeing whatever world you’re bringing them into.In terms of capturing what it is that’s interesting you have to be media-neutral at the outset, and also be somewhat sensitive to the person’s own personality and what they’ll feel comfortable with, and also budget - radio’s the cheape st, video is hard to make†¦REEDSYHow do you get the material in front of people?ALEX MAYORAt the moment I’m just using Soundcloud. It’s more about the social footprint of the author, their agent, and any publicity people they have on side. This is simultaneously the massive potential upside and the massive potential downside. Good use of social media is thin on the ground - most people struggle with it. Authors are either total oversharers, or haven’t done much of it before. The model definitely requires that you have a fairly active social media following. It all lives and dies at that point.One author has just engaged me to do this for him. Initially I said â€Å"It will only work if you’re calm about it.† So I’ve been trying to build a voice for him on Twitter. I’ve set writing challenges like â€Å"How about sharing all the titles of things you’ve never written?† Trying to get the author to think of it as a writ ing challenge, not a self-promotion challenge.There was a famous observation by Momus the electronic singer - â€Å"In the internet age everyone is famous for fifteen people.† I’ve always thought that hangs over lots of technology. You could potentially do billions of things and reach zillions of people, but the core of it is still the slogging, and it kind of always was. You’ve just got to keep beavering away at getting a footprint with people and building a personality with people.REEDSYThanks for your time Alex.

Art of Benin Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Art of Benin - Essay Example This was also accompanied by increased interest in African people and their cultures. Africans were therefore described as savages and as people who openly practiced witchcraft. For instance, ‘The Golgotha, Benin’ is a portrait produce in the London News paper that describe Benin as a cannibalistic place with brutal practices. Prior to the emergence of the British, they were backward and less civilized. However, things changed once the British brought sanity to the place. The Benin great arts like the bronze sculptures brought forth a debate on the notion of inferiority of the African race. Experts formulated theories and explanations to downplay their doubters. For instance, Justus Brinekmann argued that the beautiful sculptures were as a result of interaction between Benin and ancient civilizations like the Egyptians or the Portuguese (pg.52). Henry Ling Roth who once insinuated that the bronze artifacts had European influence retracted his statements and conceded that the artifacts predated back before the Portuguese arrival. Failure to prove African inferiority, experts in British museums had to come up with reasonable explanations in order to maintain scientific superiority over other Europeans nations especially Germany. Ethnographic experts argued that indeed the artifacts were African; however, they dated them to coincide with the arrival of the Portuguese into their land. The evidence they brought forth was the absence of skilled artisans at the time. Therefore, after the Portuguese had gone, Africans re-evolved back to savages and degenerates. The concept of African inferiority art was further instilled into the global art form by the avant-garde artisans who were very popular in the early 1900s. They affirmed what the Europeans believed/or thought to be true of a simple and timeless art, that was free from ‘civilizing decorum’ (pg. 63). Ironically, these avant-garde artisans derived their inspirations from the same art

Macroeconomy of Poland Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Macroeconomy of Poland - Research Paper Example his country has established stable trade relations with the rest of the world, where it cooperates with other countries such as China, Japan, and Canada who are its major trade partners. This country provides Canada with the second largest market in central and eastern Europe, where in 2005, Canada exported a total of $266.7 million worth of goods to Poland and in turn imported goods worth 532.6 million (Krugman, 34). These countries and other European countries have established many investments in Poland, in the sectors of transportation, technology, and security. However, there are various challenges that face this country, regarding its economy. Among those challenges is the aligning of the countries fiscal and monetary policies, towards adopting the euro. Another challenge facing the country is its labor force, where the country has a high rate of unemployment and low labor participation in the economic growth (Batara, 25). The country also suffers from a poor business environmen t, where the economy is dominated by major public sector investments, whose failure to privatize has hindered the favorable local and foreign investments into the country. Paramount of these challenges is the poor infrastructure for the agricultural sector, which this country possesses. The sector lacks ample investment, has surplus of labor and has a shortage of small firm’s investment (Schwab, 60). The banking system in Poland is large, ranked as the biggest in east and central Europe (Batara, 28). The sector is highly developed, an aspect that has been contributed by the privatization of some banks by the government in the period 1992-1997. During this period, the government also restructured other banks and added more capital and infrastructure to them while at the same time putting...This paper aims to present a comprehensive modern overview of the economy of Poland, in order to determine macroeconomic tendencies in the country and to outline its economic perspectives. Until the 1990s, the economy of this country was centralized. However, from then on, the government has been trying to decentralize this and adopt a free market system of economy, which has served to steer the economic growth of this country to the present state. This notwithstanding, there are many other sectors of the economy which have remained resistant to change, which is desirable for a free market economy The industrial base of this country is centralized around petrochemicals, machinery, fertilizers, electronics, car manufacture, and shipbuilding. This country established stable trade relations with the rest of the world, where it cooperates with other countries such as China, Japan, and Canada who are its major trade partners. The banking system in Poland is large, ranked as the biggest in east and central Europe. The sector is highly developed, an aspect that has been contributed by the privatization of some banks. The government also restructured other banks and added more capital and infrastructure to them while at the same time putting in place policy reforms that greatly supported this sector. The future of the economy of Poland is promising. The county is constantly establishing vital political and economic relations with other countries to enhance its trade and investments, serving to spur the economic growth even further

Distraction Plate Fixation Post-Procedure Essay Example for Free

Distraction Plate Fixation Post-Procedure Essay Type III compression injuries o Require operative treatment if ? Intraarticular damage is significant ? Radial shortening is severe o Fixation with multiple Kirschner wires or plates is often necessary, and cancellous bone grafting is frequently required to fill impacted areas. Often a combination of open and closed techniques is necessary to satisfactorily treat type III fractures. Type IV avulsion fractures o Are usually associated with radiocarpal fracture-dislocations and are therefore unstable o Often the avulsed fracture fragments are so small that they can be repaired only with suture. o Secure reduction of the carpus to the distal radius can frequently be achieved only with Kirschner wires. Type V high-velocity fractures o Always unstable, frequently open, and difficult to treat o A combination of percutaneous pinning and external fixation is often necessary. Many of these fractures are so severely comminuted that open reduction is impossible. †¢ CONTRAINDICATIONS Severe medical comorbidities that prevent surgery EQUIPMENT †¢ †¢ †¢ Hand tray and hand table Small fragment and mini fragment set Technique-specific tray, as required ANATOMY †¢ The distal radius and ulna may be divided into three distinct columns. o The lateral and medial columns correspond to the scaphoid facet and lunate facets, respectively, of the distal radius. o The medial column is further divided into dorsomedial and volar medial parts. The ulnar column consists of the ulnar styloid and triangular fibrocartilage complex. ? ? Tears of the triangular fibrocartilage occur when the medial column of the distal radius, ulnar styloid, or both are intact. Distal radioulnar joint instability is associated with significant displacement of the ulnar styloid. TECHNIQUES †¢ †¢ †¢ Post-Procedure: Distraction Plate Fixation Post-Procedure: Volar Buttress Plate Fixation (Ellis) Post-Procedure: Volar Plating of Intraarticular Compression Injuries (Medoff) Post-Procedure: Distraction Plate Fixation POST-PROCEDURE CARE †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Immediately begin finger and other joint upper extremity exercises. If a splint was applied, it should be removed at 3 weeks. Percutaneous Kirschner wires should be removed at 6 weeks. Activities of daily living are allowed, but lifting should be restricted to 5 lb. Once union is achieved, remove the distraction plate and begin range-of-motion exercises. COMPLICATIONS †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Median nerve injury Reflex sympathetic dystrophy Malunion, nonunion Tendon rupture Infection ANALYSIS OF RESULTS Studies have demonstrated a high percentage of good to excellent outcomes for distraction plate fixation. OUTCOMES AND EVIDENCE Ruch et al reported good to excellent outcomes in 90% of 22 patients using this technique. Procedure: Distraction Plate Fixation Post-Procedure: Volar Buttress Plate Fixation (Ellis) POST-PROCEDURE CARE †¢ Immobilize the wrist and forearm with a plaster sugar tong splint for 2 weeks. †¢ †¢ Next, use a removable ball-peen splint, permitting gentle active exercises two or three times a day for the next 2 weeks. All immobilization is removed at 4 weeks and progressive motion continued until union is solid. COMPLICATIONS †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Median nerve injury Reflex sympathetic dystrophy Malunion, nonunion Tendon rupture Infection ANALYSIS OF RESULTS The use of buttress plating for the treatment of distal radius fractures have proven to yield excellent results when surgical intervention occurs early and care is used to obtain anatomic reduction of the fracture. OUTCOMES AND EVIDENCE †¢ †¢ Smith et al: 100% union rate with 71% excellent, 18% good, and 11% fair results. Odumala et al: No difference in development of median nerve symptoms in patients treated with prophylactic carpal tunnel decompression compared with those without decompression. Procedure: Volar Buttress Plate Fixation (Ellis) Post-Procedure: Volar Plating of Intraarticular Compression Injuries (Medoff) POST-PROCEDURE CARE †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Keep the extremity elevated at all times until postoperative swelling subsides. Beginning on the first postoperative day, remove the splint 2 to 3 times a day for rangeof- motion exercises. Allow clerical work at 2 weeks. Resistive loading is allowed when signs of radiographic union appear. COMPLICATIONS †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Median nerve injury Reflex sympathetic dystrophy Malunion, nonunion Tendon rupture Infection ANALYSIS OF RESULTS Studies have demonstrated a high percentage of good to excellent outcomes for the Medoff system. OUTCOMES AND EVIDENCE Medoff reported 20 good to excellent results in 21 patients with intraarticular comminuted distal radial fractures treated with the TriMed Wrist Fixation System (TriMed, Valencia, Calif. ). Procedure: Volar Plating of Intraarticular Compression Injuries (Medoff) PRE-OPERATIVE AND POST OPERATIVE CARE Care of Pre-operative Patient Nursing Diagnosis Knowledge deficit R/T pre-op care. Expected Outcome Patient/parent will verbalize understanding of pre- post-op care. Nursing Intervention 1. Implement pre- post-op teaching program. 2. Document response. 1. Remove nail polish, make-up. 2. Bathe and shampoo the night before surgery. 3. Betadine scrub to surgical area. 4. Dress in hospital clothing after scrub. 1. NPO as ordered. 2. Sign at bedside; NPO sticker on patient. Potential aspiration R/T general No aspiration. anesthesia. 3. Re-emphasize importance of NPO to patient and parent; empty water pitcher and glass from bedside; check crib for bottles. 1. Explain procedures. 2. Provide time for patient/parent to ask questions, express fears or concerns. . Offer reassurance. Potential alteration of vital functions R/T surgery. Normal parameters for patients vital signs established. 1. Obtain baseline assessment of all systems ; N/V status within 8 hours pre-op. Potential infection R/T surgical procedure. Infection free post-op. Potential anxiety R/T surgery. Decreased anxiety. 2. Assess V. S. within 2 hours pre-op. Care of Post-operative Patient Nu rsing Diagnosis Knowledge deficit R/T post-operative care. Expected Outcome Patient and family will verbalize and demonstrate understanding of postoperative care. Patient and family will cope effectively with surgical postoperative process. Nursing Intervention 1. Implement post-operative teaching program. 2. Document response. 1. Explain procedures. 2. Provide time for questions, expression of concerns and fears. 3. Offer reassurance. Potential anxiety R/T surgery, post-operative care. Potential respiratory Patient will not experience compromise R/T general respiratory compromise. anesthesia. 1. Assess breath sounds-HR/RR at least q shift. 2. Turn, cough and deep breathe q2 hrs. 3. Record vital signs. Patient will Alteration in comfort R/T verbalize/demonstrate relief surgery. rom pain. Potential neurovascular Patient will not experience compromise R/T surgical neurovascular compromise procedure. . 1. Assess for pain and medicate per protocol. 2. Reposition for comfort as ordered/prn. 1. Assess surgical site or affected extremity for color, capillary refill, sensation, temperature, pulses and active/passive ROM as ordered. 2. Document neurova scular status as ordered. 3. Report any neurovascular compromise to M. D. 4. Position extremity with elevation if ordered. 5. Apply ice or heat as ordered. Potential alteration in level of consciousness R/T anesthesia. Patient will exhibit appropriate LOC. 1. Assess LOC q shift. 1. Monitor I/O q hour with IV or foley. 2. Begin ice chips or clear liquids slowly as ordered. 3. Maintain IV fluids as ordered. 4. Call M. D. for catheter order if unable to void after surgery. 5. Assess GU status q shift. Potential alteration in bowel elimination R/T Patient will have BM by postanesthesia and postoperative day #4. operative immobilization Potential alteration in skin integrity R/T immobility. Patient will not experience skin breakdown. 1. Mobilize as ordered. 2. Administer laxative of choice or suppository for no BM after 3 days. . Assess GI status q shift. 1. Assess skin q shift. 2. Provide daily nursing care. Potential alteration in fluid balance R/T surgery. Patient will have adequate fluid intake and urine output. Medical Diagnoses: Impaired Physical Mobility, Acute pain, secondary to fractured left femur, ORIF surgery, Musculosketeal impairment Assessme Nursing Client Nursing *I Evaluation nt DX/Clin ical Goals/Desired Interventions/Actions/ Goals Interventio Problem Outcomes/Object Orders and Rationale ns ives Subjectiv Problem: Long Term: * Apply any ordered X Goal met. Continue e brace before Pt was intervention Impaired Pt will be able to mobilizing the client. able to s as listed. Pt Physical ambulate around ambulate Encourage screams Mobility the nurses’ Rationale: around pt to when station 2X by â€Å"Brace support and the continue the staff discharge. stablilize a body part, nurses’ use of attempts allowing increased station by braces and to move mobility. † (Ackley ; discharge. assistive the left Ladwig, 2008, p 552). Pt was devices lower able to after extremity *Increase complete discharge Pt demonstr ates difficulty with any movemen t of the left lower extremity . independence in ADLs Rationale: â€Å"Providing unnecessary assistance with transfers and activities may promote dependence and a loss of mobility. † (Ackley ; Ladwig, 2008, p 552). *Obtain any assistive devices needed for activity. Rationale: â€Å"Assistive devices can help increase mobility. † (Ackley ; Ladwig, 2008, p 552). R/T: Short Term: O bjective Pt states that his pain level is a 9 on a 10 point pain rating scale. is activity until he more than feels twice. Pt comfortable did not c/o. complain Encourage of any the pt to pain or continue his discomfort independen upon ce in ADLs ambulatio and c/o n. unnecessary assistance. Pt states â€Å"I feel like I’m finally getting back to my old self. † X Goal met. Pt able to fully complete passive range of motion exercises with assistance from the staff by the end of this shift. Pt did not complain of any pain associated with exercise session. Continue intervention s as listed. Continue to assess pain using the 10 point pain scale q4 hrs or PRN. Continue to provide pain control and treat as needed. *Assess the pt’s pain Acute Pt will perform by using the 10 point pain, passive range of pain rating scale q4 hrs secondary motion exercises or PRN. to by the end of this fractured shift. Rationale: left femur â€Å"Single- item ratings of Pt pain intensity are valid grimaces ORIF and reliable as during surgery measures of pain any kind intensity. of motion Anxiety or â€Å"The client’s report of movemen Musculosk pain is the single most t of his eteal reliable indicator of left lower impairmen pain. † extremity t (Ackley ; Ladwig, 2008, p. 604-605). AEB Pt’s ORIF *Before activity, treat Grimacing surgery pain. during movement Rationale: or activity â€Å"Pain limits mobility and is often Pt complaints about pain and discomfort Pt pain rating of 9 out of 10. Surgery that is 2 days postop exacerbated by movement. † (Ackley ; Ladwig, 2008, p 552).

The Role of Nature Essay -- Nature Poetry Poet natural Essays

The Role of Nature Introduction Considering the history of literature, the conception of Nature seems to be a quite complex question. 'Nature' is not a concept that can be grasped easily and it often requires discussing some great philosophical conceptions like 'Pantheism' or 'Deism'. However, my paper will not deal in detail with such vast enquiries. I rather want to focus more accurately on how 'Nature' is used by Pope and Coleridge, respectively. With other words, I would like to analyse the function of the concept of 'Nature'. The fact is, that even if these poets do not exhaustively characterise ‘Nature’ itself, they employ it in a lot of different analogies and metaphors to articulate and embody for example ideas about 'morality' (Pope) or the intimate 'self' (Coleridge). My argument would be to show that in both cases, nature has a sort of epistemological function. The apprehension of nature, its perception or its examination leads to knowledge of something that is not directly obvious; one can name it God or the divine. Thus, to mention of nature is a kind of disclosure that guides us to be aware of some reality that is meta-physical. As a matter of fact, the ways Nature is described by Pope and by Coleridge are very different: Pope uses a sort of analogical technique, whereas Coleridge exploits the more suggestive power of metaphors. That point shows that, even though Nature has the same overall function, that is reveal something that is beyond the mere material world, the way it can and should be perceived is not the same. I would like to argue that Coleridge considers a sort of intuitive faculty, whereas Pope thinks that a reasonable examination of Nature unveils the divine order of the universe. The present analysis will spotlight Pope’s Essay On Man and Coleridge’s Rime of an Ancient Mariner. First, I want to show that Coleridge and Pope advocate a pantheistic and a deistic conception of Nature, respectively. This should be the general framework through which I will try to show some other differences. Then, in a second time, the use of a concept like â€Å"reason† will be analysed in regard to Pope’s Essay on Man. This step shows that even if Pope is a writer of the Enlightenment, the Age of Reason, he deeply condemns the arrogance that results of a pretentious use of reason. In fact, reason should therefore be seen as an important but... ...enis. S.T. Coleridge. Poà ¨me de l’expà ©rience vive. Grenoble: Ellug, 1992. Boulger, James D. ed. Twentieth Century Interpretations of The Rime of the Ancient Mariner. Englewood Cliffs: Prenctice-Hall, 1969. Crawford, Walter B. ed. Reading Coleridge. Approaches And Applications. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1979. Cutting-Gray, Joanne, SwearigenN, James E., â€Å"System, the Divided Mind, and the Essay on Man.† Studies in English Literature, 1500-1900, Vol. 32, No. 3, Restoration and Eighteenth Century. (Summer, 1992), p. 481. Fairer, David. The Poetry of Alexander Pope. London: Penguin Books, 1989. Fraser, George S. Alexander Pope. London: Routledge, 1978. Hill, John S. ed. A Coleridge Companion, London: Macmillan Press, 1983. Laird, John, â€Å"Pope’s Essay on Man.† The Review of English Studies, Vol. 20, No. 80. (Oct., 1944), p. 290. McFarland, Thomas. Coleridge and The Pantheist Tradition. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1969. Nuttall, A. D. Pope’s ‘Essay on Man’. London: George Allen & Unwin, 1984. Tillotson, Geoffrey. Pope And Human Nature. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Woodring, Carl. "Nature and Art in the Nineteenth Century." PMLA 92, no. 2 (1977): p. 193.

Need for speed Essay

The desire to innovate and to improve is one of the most precious human feelings because it is this very same desire that has paved the road to progress in society. At the outset, the first trains were useful but not efficient enough that people could ride on them: only goods and commodities could be transported. One of the reasons why is because safety and comfort weren’t a top priority for the railroad owner; he or she just wanted to maximize his or her profit. Then, James Watt and his steam engine came about and rocked the world into the Industrial Revolution, a time when railroads were constantly being built all over Europe. Cities grew, economies boomed and busted, and economies and cultures became intertwined so that a small business man who lives in Lille, France or Barcelona, Spain had to travel to Ukraine or Italy for a business deal as quickly as possible (as quickly as possible since now, as opposed to the relaxed and laid back past, time is money). So engineers were needed to devise a train that could travel at very fast speeds while keeping energy consumption as low as possible. The Japanese started the race for faster high speed trains with their â€Å"bullet trains†, the French countered with the TGV, and many other companies came out with their own high speed trains: Acela, Eurostar, and the Shinkansen, among others [3]. The increase in competition benefitted the consumer, the individual needing to get across the continent because now he or she had a choice between different trains, each known for a specific accommodation. For example, TGV was an electric train so the energy consumption of the trains is very low. However, it is little noisier than other lines so the trade off is subjective to the person’s taste. Eventually, all the train lines would try to balance energy consumption, safety, speed, and comfort in order to provide the smoothest trip they could possibly offer. [4] In essence, aerodynamics is the interaction of air on an object [7]. In the case of high speed trains, the aerodynamics of the train depends on many factors: â€Å"aerodynamic drag, pressure variations inside train, train-induced i ¬ow, cross-wind effects, ground effects, pressure waves inside tunnel, impulse waves at the exit of tunnel, noise and vibration†. [8] Ultimately, finding solutions to these problems will result in a faster and smoother train ride, so it becomes imperative to identify the factors that affect each of these so one can manipulate them, if possible, to one’s needs. However, having so many factors that affect the aerodynamics of a train, one can truly begin to see how complex this problem is for engineers since every change made to the train or the tracks could cost the companies owning them a huge amount of money for even the smallest of changes. Specifically, the invention of the high speed train has revolutionized long distance ground transportation since it has provided people with a much faster way to travel, sometimes cutting a seven hour long trip to three hours! However, to reduce such a trip so significantly, the path from city to city (in this place Boston to Washington D. C. ) must be as direct as possible [2]. This means that in some cases a tunnel must be built through a mountain to allow for a high speed train to pass through the mountain and get to its destination as quickly as possible. In terms of high speed trains, there are many different types, each with its advantages and disadvantages. For example, the world renown TGV It has huge advantage in that it can use the same railroad lines as local trains so the cost of making railroad tracks is reduced. However, one of the disadvantages is that using these same train tracks, just the mere fact that the TGV uses the same tracks as local trains means that the TGV limits the size and specifications of local trains because the wake of the TGV causes a wind tunnel that affects the trains behind it. [1] [2] In terms of what the future has in store, trains haven’t even started to reach their limit. From regular train to the high speed train, the speed was increased. The TGV is an obvious example of this transition given that it broke the record for the fasted train, maxing out at 357 mph. The next step is along the lines of the Japanese Maglev; taking friction out of the equation, the Maglev has the ability to greatly reduce the drag and the vibration in the train, thus making the train that much faster. In the foreseeable future, there is a concept that would take the Maglev above and beyond its achievements so far: an â€Å"evacuated tube† is a massive vacuum in a tube stretching for miles and miles. Interestingly, if this method is designed and works, it may potentially reap the benefits since the beginning. This occurs because air drag takes such a significant amount of energy out of the system (the system being defined as the train) that minimizing it to a negligible level could immediately save millions upon millions of dollars [8] [9]. On the other hand, there are changes that have been made to the train itself rather than to the environment surrounding it. The Japanese Hayabusa’s nose is angled and sleek so it can eliminate tunnel boom, the sound of a train leaving a tunnel. Tunnel boom is caused by a fast train pressurizing the air in front of it as it goes through a tunnel until it comes out of the tunnel with the pressurized air and makes a very loud sound. Trains in the past had a smaller tunnel boom that occurred right before the train left the tunnel (the sound of a train coming from inside a tunnel); however, now that the trains are that much faster, they catch up to the pressurized air and come out together, creating constructive interference, to make a bigger sound [5]. Furthermore, the French Alstrom developed an upgraded TGV called the AGV. What was interesting about how the French upgraded the TGV is that they took the power system of the TGV and completely transformed it; now it has the capacity of generating higher speeds at a fraction of the original TGV energy consumption. Don’t forget that the TGV was designed as an electric train, so to have a power system that can do more with less energy is a huge advancement! [5] In conclusion, the fact remains that the fast paced society of today has geared people to want to do everything more quickly. Following this train of thought, it makes sense that high speed trains are the future in transportation. Throughout history, people have shown a want, a need for speed. Works Cited [1] Fox News. Associated Press. http://www. foxnews. com/story/0,2933,263542,00.html (accessed July 15th, 2012) [2] Plumer, Brad. The Washington Post. http://www. washingtonpost. com/blogs/ezra-klein/wp/2012/07/16/amtraks-151-billion-high-speed-rail-plan-are-there-cheaper-options/ (accessed July 15th, 2012) [3] European Railway Server. TGVweb. http://www. trainweb. org/tgvpages/history. html(accessed July 17th, 2012) [4] http://www. buzzle. com/articles/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-maglev-trains. html [5] Railway-Technology. com. On Track. http://www. railway-technology. com/features/feature117829/(accessed July 15th, 2012). [6] James, Randy. Time U. S. http://www. time. com/time/nation/article/0,8599,1892463,00. html (accessed July 16th, 2012) [7] Bopp, Rudolf; Hagenah, Bernd. Gruner. http://www. gruner-gmbh. at/aktuelles_gmbh_at/pdf_pool/D_HAB_Porto. pdf [8] Raghunathan, Raghu S. ; Setoguchi, T. Progress in Aerospace Sciences. Aerodynamics of high-speed railway train http://ompldr. org/vMXlsOA/Aerodynamics_HSR02. pdf [9] Hoffman, Carl. Popsci: Trans-Atlantic Maglev. http://www. popsci. com/scitech/article/2004-04/trans-atlantic-maglev.

A Human Resources Report To The Acquisition Board Of XXYY Corporation

XXYY Corporation acquired Red Slash, a family company that has existed for twenty years.   Red slash will be one of the subsidiaries or associate companies for the XXYY Corporation with the Head office at Santa Clara and many offices all over the world.   The new acquisition changes the management structure, with a focus on the combined entity’s human resources.INTRODUCTION The holding company XXYY Corporation will have an extra, one hundred members of staff.   These new human resources from Red Slash are unskilled and are just working for the family/ friend’s business.   Human resources for the new combined XXYY Corporation need to be transformed by using strategic approaches.   This transformation will be improving the intangible assets or resources, which make up the human capital for the company.The body:Transforming the human resources function using strategic approaches will involve a thorough research and development program, on the human resources depa rtment. The strengths and weakness of the members of staff in Red Slash need to be, determined and the main focus should be on the main weakness, which relates to the employment of unskilled family members and friends.   Human capital need to have the necessary knowledge, skills, education and experience to provide entrepreneurial ability, that will coordinate all the other factors of production and improve the Profitability, Earnings per share, Market value and general returns to the XXYY holding company.A plan to improve the human resources for the combined entity, especially the new employees from the Red slash subsidiary. Implementation of the plan should be within the first financial or economic year from the date of merging. The unskilled human capital need to be rejuvenated so that they can effectively coordinate with those in the Holding company XXYY corporation and with the, operational, middle management and Top management personnel.Tom G (2003)To transform the human res ources of Red slash, I will explain the following strategic approaches:Conducting organization analysis through human resource audits, job analysis and revamping the recruitment and selection process:Revamping refers to the changing or arranging the human capital to achieve the company’s success. Human resources in Red slash were not acquired through just and equitable procedures.   The acquisition Board of XXYY Corporation should officially examine the employees who are currently holding positions in Red Slash.This kind of human capital does not posses the initial ability, knowledge and skill to work for the combined entity.   Retaining this kind of workforce will be to the loss of the company, because revenues will be maximized at high costs; huge salaries and wages being paid to unproductive workforce or human resources.   Family people and friends working for Red Slash should be replaced with new employees.   Selection procedures should be fair and justifiable.   The new workforce structure for XXYY Corporation should be composed of only those who have an ability to deliver. Revenues will therefore be maximized at a favorable cost for the new merger.

Leadership and Management Essay Example

Leadership and Management Essay Example Leadership and Management Essay Leadership and Management Essay This assignment provides you with the understanding and skills required of a manager/leader in an organisational context, through applying current theories.Learning outcomes On successful completion of this assignment you will: 1 Understand the link between management and leadership 2 Understand the skills and styles of management and leadership 3 Be able to apply theory in an organisational context 4 Be able to plan for the development of leadership and management skills Assignment Focusing on a work role, previous work experience or a voluntary work position, using examples from your own workplace experiences where possible, and drawing on your studies of this subject, please answer ALL four sections below and please complete the reflective statement.Deadline for Submission: Please see your time table Please answer ALL four sections: Section 1 Word Length: Approx. 375 words Demonstrate your understanding of the link between management and leadership You will need to: ? ? explain the relationship between management and leadership analyse how management and leadership style impacts on the achievement of organisational objectives Section 2 Word Length: Approx. 375 words Explain the skills and styles of management and leadership You will need to: ? ? ? xplain the personal and professional skills required for effective management compare the skills and styles of successful leaders assess the expected impact of own leadership styles on work groups Brighton School of Business and Management Limited Brighton School of Business and Management Limited Section 3 Word Length: Approx. 375 words Demonstrate how you would apply theory in an organisational context You will need to: ? ? select appropriate theories of management and leadership to identify management and leadership requirements in given situations report on the usefulness of using theories or ga ining insights into leadership requirements in given situations Section 4 Word Length: Approx. 375 words Demonstrate how you would plan the development of leadership and management skills You will need to: ? ? ? use appropriate methods to assess the skills needed by a leader in a given situation plan the development of management and leadership skills for a given job role make justified evaluations of the management and leadership development methods selectedReflective Learning Statement Explain how the main themes of this unit have impacted (or could in the future) on your work role – you should include an analysis of your strengths and weaknesses relating to this unit both at the start and end of the unit. Word Length: 100 words Brighton School of Business and Management Limited Brighton School of Business and Management Limited Guidance on Grade AwardedThe final Unit grade assessment is based on how well you have met the Assignment Criteria / Task Requirements: we look pri marily for evidence that you have followed the Assignment instructions and have responded to the Assignment in a way that meets the specific outcomes / requirements / criteria as described in the Assignment Brief We also look at the depth and breadth of your work: where we look for evidence of supplementary reading and research, appropriate examples, some original thought, a professional standard of layout, structure, and overall presentation in order to come to a decision about the actual grade.Below is an overview of the guidelines that our Assessors work to: Pass All identified criteria in the assignment are met Merit Satisfied the identified Assignment criteria, plus the content confirms that the student has: Shown evidence of a sound understanding of the subject matter; Given a broad and detailed response to the assignment tasks and criteria; Shown evidence of careful analysis, synthesis, and evaluation of information and data; Used complex arguments/lines of hinking; Shown the ability to make judgements based on the research and the response discussion points; Described how appropriate techniques and-or tools should be selected and used; Applied an appropriate structure and layout to their response; Selected and used relevant graphics to illustrate key points; Presented all documents to a professional standard that would be accepted at middle management level. Brighton School of Business and Management Limited Brighton School of Business and Management LimitedDistinction Satisfied the identified Assignment criteria, plus the content confirms that the student has: Demonstrated a comprehensive knowledge base and understanding of the subject matter; Shown originality of thought and application of ideas, models and theories to their assignment response; Shown evidence of the student using critical reflection to evaluate their own work and justify valid conclusions; Shown an awareness of the wider implications of the issues being analysed and discussed; Appli ed a customised structure and layout that supports and enhances their response; Selected and used a wide range of relevant graphics to illustrate key points; Presented all documents to a standard that would be accepted at executive-board level. Brighton School of Business and Management Limited

Marybeth Tinning

Marybeth Tinning Between 1971 and 1985, all nine of Marybeth and Joe Tinnings children died. While doctors suspected the children had a newly-discovered death gene, friends and family suspected something more sinister. Marybeth was eventually convicted of second-degree murder in the death of only one of her children. Learn about her life, the lives- and deaths- of her children, and her court cases. Early Life Marybeth Roe was born on September 11, 1942, in Duanesburg, New York. She was an average student at Duanesburg High School and after graduation, she worked at various jobs until she settled in as a nursing assistant at Ellis Hospital in Schenectady, New York. In 1963, at the age of 21, Marybeth met Joe Tinning on a blind date. Joe worked for General Electric as did Marybeths father. He had a quiet disposition and was easy going. The two dated for several months and married in 1965. Marybeth Tinning once said that there were two things she wanted from life- to be married to someone who cared for her and to have children. By 1967 she had reached both goals. The Tinnings first child, Barbara Ann, was born on May 31, 1967. Their second child, Joseph, was born on January 10, 1970. In October 1971, Marybeth was pregnant with their third child, when her father died of a sudden heart attack. This became the first of a series of tragic events for the Tinning family. Suspicious Deaths The Tinnings third child, Jennifer, was born with an infection and died soon after her birth. Within nine weeks, the Tinnings other two children followed. Marybeth had always been odd, but after the death of her first three children, she became withdrawn and suffered severe mood swings. The Tinnings decided to move to a new house hoping that the change would do them good. After the Tinnings fourth and fifth children each died before they were a year old, some doctors suspected that the Tinning children were afflicted with a new disease. However, friends and family suspected that something else was going on. They talked among themselves about how the children seemed healthy and active before they died. They were beginning to ask questions. If it was genetic, why would the Tinnings keep having children? When seeing Marybeth pregnant, they would ask each other, how long this one would last? Family members also noticed how Marybeth would get upset if she felt she wasnt receiving enough attention at the childrens funerals and other family events. In 1974, Joe Tinning was admitted to the hospital because of a near-fatal dose of barbiturate poisoning. Later both he and Marybeth admitted that during this time there was a lot of upheaval in their marriage and that she put the pills, which she had obtained from a friend with an epileptic child, into Joes grape juice. Joe thought their marriage was strong enough to survive the incident and the couple stayed together despite what happened. He was later quoted as saying, You have to believe the wife. In August 1978, the couple decided they wanted to begin the adoption process for a baby boy named Michael who had been living with them as ​a  foster child. Around the same time, Marybeth became pregnant again. Two other biological children of the Tinnings died and Michaels death followed. It was always assumed that a genetic flaw or the death gene was responsible for the death of the Tinnings children, but Michael was adopted. This shed a whole different light on what had been happening with the Tinning children over the years. This time doctors and social workers warned the police that they should be very attentive to Marybeth Tinning. People commented on Marybeths behavior after their ninth child, Tami Lynnes, funeral. She held a brunch at her house for friends and family. Her neighbor noticed that her usual dark demeanor was gone and she seemed sociable as she engaged in the usual chatter that goes on during a get-together. For some, the death of Tami Lynne became the final straw. The hotline at the police station lit up with neighbors, family members and doctors and nurses calling in to report their suspicions about the deaths of the Tinning children. Forensic Pathology Investigation Schenectady Police Chief, Richard E. Nelson contacted forensic pathologist Dr. Michael Baden to ask him some questions about SIDS. One of the first questions he asked was if it was possible that nine children in one family could die of natural causes. Baden told him that it wasnt possible and asked him to send him the case files. He also explained to the chief that children that babies who die from Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS), also known as crib death, do not turn blue. They look like normal children after they die. If a baby was blue, he suspected it was caused by homicidal asphyxia. Someone had smothered the children. Dr. Baden later wrote a book in which he attributed the deaths of the Tinning children as a result of Marybeth suffering from acute Munchausen by Proxy Syndrome. Dr. Baden described Marybeth Tinning as a sympathy junky. He said, She liked the attention of people feeling sorry for her from the loss of her children. Confession and Denial On February 4, 1986, Schenectady investigators brought Marybeth in for questioning. For several hours she told investigators different events that had occurred with the deaths of her children. She denied having anything to do with their deaths. Hours into the interrogation she broke down and admitted she killed three of the children. I did not do anything to Jennifer, Joseph, Barbara, Michael, Mary Frances, Jonathan, she confessed, Just these three, Timothy, Nathan and Tami. I smothered them each with a pillow because Im not a good mother. Im not a good mother because of the other children. Joe Tinning was brought to the station and he encouraged Marybeth to be honest. In tears, she admitted to Joe what she had admitted to the police. The interrogators then asked Marybeth to go through each of the childrens murders and explain what happened. A 36-page statement was prepared and at the bottom, ​Marybeth ​wrote a brief statement about which of the children she killed (Timothy, Nathan, and Tami) and denied doing anything to the other children. She signed and dated the confession. According to what she said in the statement, she killed Tami Lynne because she would not stop crying. She was arrested and charged with the second-degree murder of Tami Lynne. The investigators could not find enough evidence to charge her with murdering the other children. At the preliminary hearings, ​Marybeth said the police had threatened to dig up the bodies of her children and rip them limb from limb during the interrogation. She said that the 36-page statement was a false confession, just a story that the police were telling and she was just repeating it. Despite her efforts to block her confession, it was decided that the entire 36-page statement would be permitted as evidence at her trial. Trial and Sentencing The murder trial of Marybeth Tinning began in Schenectady County Court on June  22, 1987. A lot of the trial centered on the cause of Tami Lynnes death. The defense had several physicians testify that the Tinning children suffered from a genetic defect which was a new syndrome, a new disease. The prosecution also had their physicians lined up. SIDS expert, Dr. Marie Valdez-Dapena, testified that suffocation rather than disease is what killed Tami Lynne. Marybeth Tinning did not testify during the trial. After 29 hours of deliberation, ​the jury had reached a decision. Marybeth Tinning, 44, was found guilty of second-degree murder of Tami Lynne Tinning. Joe Tinning later told the New York Times that he felt that the jury did their job, but he just had a different opinion on it. During sentencing, Marybeth read a statement in which she said she was sorry that Tami Lynne was dead and that she thought about her every day, but that she had no part in her death. She also said she would never stop trying to prove her innocence. The Lord above and I know I am innocent. One day the whole world will know that I am innocent and maybe then I can have my life back once again or what is left of it. She was sentenced to 20 years to life and was sent to Bedford Hills Prison for Women in New York. Incarceration and Parole Hearings Marybeth Tinning has been up for parole three times since her incarceration. March 2007 To the surprise of many, State Police Investigator, William Barnes, spoke on Marybeths behalf, asking for her release. Barnes was the lead investigator who interrogated Tinning when she confessed to killing three of her nine children.When asked about her crime, Tinning told the parole board, I have to be honest, and the only thing that I can tell you is that I know that my daughter is dead. I live with it every day, she continued, I have no recollection and I cant believe that I harmed her. I cant say any more than that.The Parole Commissioners denied parole, citing that she showed little insight into her crime and displayed little remorse. March 2009 In January 2009, Tinning went before the parole board for the second time. This time Tinning indicated that she remembered more than she did during her first parole hearing.She stated that she was going through bad times when she killed her daughter. The parole board again denied her parole, stating that her remorse was superficial at best. March 2011 Mary Beth was more forthcoming during her last parole hearing. She admitted to smothering Tami Lynne with a pillow but continued to insist that her other children died of SIDS.Asked to describe what insight she had about her actions, she answered, When I look back I see a very damaged and just a messed up person... Sometimes I try not to look in the mirror and when I do, I just, there is no words that I can express now. I feel none. Im just, just none.She also said she has tried to become a better person and ask for help and help others.Mary Beth was denied parole in 2011 and will become eligible again in 2013. Joe Tinning has continued to stand by Mary Beth and visits her regularly at the Bedford Hills Prison for Women in New York, although Marybeth commented during her last parole hearing that the visits were becoming more difficult. Jennifer: Third Child, First to Die Jennifer Tinning was born on December 26, 1971. She was kept hospitalized because of a severe infection and she died eight days later. According to the autopsy report, the cause of death was acute meningitis. Some who attended Jennifers funeral remembered that it seemed more like a social event than a funeral. Any remorse Marybeth was experiencing seemed to dissolve as she became the central focus of her sympathizing friends and family. In Dr. Michael Badens book, Confessions of a Medical Examiner, one of the cases that he profiles is that of Marybeth Tinning. He comments in the book about Jennifer, the one child that most everyone involved in the case kept saying Marybeth did not hurt. She was born with a severe infection and died in the hospital eight days later. Dr. Michael Baden added a different viewpoint on Jennifers death: Jennifer looks to be the victim of a coat hanger. Tinning had been trying to hasten her birth and only succeeded in introducing meningitis. The police theorized that she wanted to deliver the baby on Christmas Day, like Jesus. She thought her father, who had died while she was pregnant, would have been pleased. Joseph: Second Child, Second to Die On January 20, 1972, just 17 days after Jennifer died, Marybeth rushed into the Ellis Hospital emergency room in Schenectady with Joseph, who she said had experienced some sort of seizure. He was quickly revived, checked out and then sent home. Hours later Marybeth returned with Joe, but this time he could not ​be  saved. Tinning told the doctors that she put Joseph down for a nap and when she later checked on him she found him tangled up in the sheets and his skin was blue. There was no autopsy performed, but his death was ruled as​ a  cardio-respiratory arrest. Barbara: First Child, Third to Die Six weeks later, on March 2, 1972, Marybeth again rushed into the same emergency room with 4 1/2-year-old Barbara who was suffering from convulsions. The doctors treated her and advised Tinning that she should stay overnight, but Marybeth refused to leave her and took her home. Within hours Tinning was back at the hospital, but this time Barbara was unconscious and later died at the hospital. The cause of death was brain edema, commonly referred to as swelling of the brain. Some of the doctors suspected that she had Reyes Syndrome, but it was never proven. The police were contacted regarding Barbaras death, but after speaking with the doctors at the hospital the matter was dropped. Timothy: Fourth Child, Fourth to Die On Thanksgiving Day, November 21, 1973, Timothy was born. On December 10, just 3-weeks old, Marybeth found him dead in his crib. The doctors could not find anything wrong with Timothy and blamed his death on SIDS. SIDS was first recognized as a disease in 1969. In the 1970s, there were still many more questions than answers surrounding this mysterious disease. Nathan: Fifth Child, Fifth to Die The Tinnings next child, Nathan, was born on Easter Sunday, March 30, 1975. But like the other Tinning children, his life was cut short. On September 2, 1975, Marybeth rushed him to St. Clares Hospital. She said she was driving with him in the front seat of the car and she noticed he wasnt breathing. The doctors could not find any reason that Nathan was dead and they attributed it to acute pulmonary edema. Mary Francis: Seventh Child, Sixth to Die On October 29, 1978, the couple had a baby girl they named Mary Francis. It wasnt long before Mary Francis would be rushed through hospital emergency doors. The first time was in January 1979 after she had experienced seizures. The doctors treated her and she was sent home. A month later Marybeth again rushed Mary Francis to St. Clares emergency room, but this time she would not be going home. She died shortly after she arrived at the hospital. Another death attributed to SIDS. Jonathan: Eighth Child, Seventh to Die On November 19, 1979, the Tinnings had another baby, Jonathan. By March Marybeth was back at St. Clares hospital with an unconscious Jonathan. This time the doctors at St. Clares sent him to Boston Hospital where he could be treated by specialists. They could not find any medical reason why Jonathan became unconscious and he was returned to his parents. On March 24, 1980, just three days of being home, Marybeth returned to St. Claires with Jonathan. The doctors couldnt help him this time. He was already dead. ​The cause of death was listed as a  cardiopulmonary arrest. Michael: Sixth Child, Eighth to Die The Tinnings had one child left. They were still in the process of adopting Michael who was 2 1/2 years old and seemed healthy and happy. But not for long. On March 2, 1981, Marybeth carried Michael into the pediatricians office. When the doctor went to examine the child it was too late. Michael was dead. An autopsy showed he had pneumonia, but not severe enough to kill him. The nurses at St. Clares talked among themselves, questioning why Marybeth, who lived right across the street from the hospital, did not bring Michael to the hospital like she had so many other times when she had sick children. Instead, she waited until the doctors office was opened even though he showed signs of being sick earlier in the day. It did not make sense. The doctors attributed Michaels death to acute pneumonia, and the Tinnings were not held responsible for his death. However, Marybeths paranoia was increasing. She was uncomfortable with what she thought people were saying and the Tinnings decided to move again. Tami Lynne: Ninth Child, Ninth to Die Marybeth became pregnant and on August 22, 1985, Tami Lynne was born. The doctors carefully monitored Tami Lynne for four months and what they saw was a normal, healthy child. But by December 20th Tami Lynne was dead. The cause of death was listed as SIDS.

Toyota Scion Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Toyota Scion - Research Paper Example mpetitors of scion can’t be said to possess a competitive advantage, but for scion FR-S which has numerous competition can be said to be very trendy due to its engine performance as well the sporty look. The main reason as to why the target market becomes attractive from the descriptive analysis of the target market below is due to the fact that Generation-Y is not fully exploited in automotive industry. This categories of people is estimated to purchase 40% of vehicles bought according to a report by Deloitte. There is a foreseeable increase in the purchases of automobiles from the young generation as indicated by experts (Barkholz, 2012). The market niche of this car can be said to be expanded taking into consideration the Scion FR-S since the older generation considers it due to its performance. This makes the brand to a wider demographic penetrating beyond the targeted segment. Scion operates in a market with stiff competition where trends keep changing and therefore, the brand is continuously threatened by new and upcoming vehicles. As such, Scion has adopted a competitive positioning strategy that seeks to provide new market offing to the market by appealing to the perception of the consumers. Since the target market for scion brands is generation Y, scion has undertaken to appeal to youths through such features such as installation of better standard audio features and special financing for students. Scion’s competitive positioning is also rooted in their marketing campaigns and advertising. The company has realized the need for new untraditional ways of marketing by acknowledging that fact that their target market is very resilient to mass-marketing. Since the target market for scion brands spends most of their time in the internet, most of the marketing campaigns are done online. This makes it possible to communicate with consumers through email campaigns and online chats. Scion also employs the association to most of the elements of generation Y

Vinegar Tom by Carly churchill Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Vinegar Tom by Carly churchill - Essay Example , while Jack, the neighboring farmer of Alice and her mother Joan is continuously fantasizing about Alice, Alice on the other hand is able to engage in promiscuity without any feelings being attached, as characterized by the opening song of the play that goes "A devils woman is never satisfied", to indicate the power of women to engage in sexual relations with men, without attached feelings1. This is where the men in this society have been overcome by the women power of sexuality, and without any other way to defeat them; the men have turned into witch hunting. Therefore, four of the women in the play are accused of witchcraft, starting with Alice, then Joan who is her mother, and then Ellen the midwife for assisting abortion, and Susan who aborts2. Even Betty, the fifth woman in the play is also accused of being mad or ill, simply because she does not want to marry3. All these has been done by men, out of their frustration on being unable to control the power of sexuality in the wom en, even though women are less powerful than those men in terms of

John Holland's Theory applied to secondary school in Hong Kong Research Paper

John Holland's Theory applied to secondary school in Hong Kong - Research Paper Example Rather than praising the theory per se, this paper further highlights its limitations in Hong Kong setting. John Holland’s theory of vocational choice has for many years been a dominant force in vocational psychology and careers counselling and guidance. The theory was originally formulated in the USA in the 1950s influenced by Holland’s experiences as a careers counselor (Gibson & Mitchell, 2006). Sharf (2006) further explains that this theory has subsequently grown significantly to become what it is today. Based on this theory therefore, John Holland holds that people and their occupational environments are clearly characterized by their close resemblance to each of the six identified ‘pure types’. Additionally, Holland believes that a good match between an individual and the environment will have a number of beneficial outcomes when other things are kept equal (Inkson, 2007). As observed by Herr et al (2004), Holland makes an attempt to explain that career decision making is an important aspect of career choice and career development. This basically forms the theoretical explanation of this paper in exploring the application of Holland’s theory in decision-making styles of career choice. The paper also attempts to relate the application of this theory to secondary school setting in Hong Kong and its limitations. John Holland’s theory has been cited by a number of researchers as the most studied amongst all other career counseling theories. Leung & Chen (2007) argue that Holland’s theory of careers portrays individuals and environments as a single set of six types into which most people across cultures of the world can be classified. In view of this, Holland classified people into six dominant types outlined below. The Realistic (R) type has frank, conforming, inflexible, practical, un-insightful and asocial individuals while Investigative (I) type is critical,

The Pearl by John Steinbeck Essay Example for Free

The Pearl by John Steinbeck Essay This Essay will discuss the use of symbols in the novel The Pearl by John Steinbeck. In this novel there are many themes explored. These include the destructiveness of greed, how love can give someone great courage and strength, knowledge is power, but a power which can be abused, and how a dream is good until it starts to destroy the things of value in a person’s life. The destructiveness of greed is shown when the doctor comes to Kinos house and heals Coyotito after Kino has found The Pearl. When Coyotito had been bitten by the scorpion, his father and mother take Kino to the doctor in order to get a treatment. But the doctor refuses to heal Coyotito because Kino is poor. Later On, after Kino owns the pearl, the doctor automatically comes to Kinos house and offers a treatment for Coyotito. After he treats Coyotito, he pretends that he does not know that Kino has found a pearl and asks Kino about the medical expenses. You have a pearl? A good pearl? The doctor asks with curiosity. The reality is that the doctor cares more about Kinos pearl more than giving people treatments. The doctor does this because he values materialistic things more than he cares about others. Although the doctor has a lot of money and he has an abundance of everything he needs and wants in his life, he still wants more and his is dissatisfied. Obviously, the greed had already controlled the doctors mind and the way he acts towards people. Another example of the destructiveness of greed is seen in Kino As Kino tried to find a way to gain wealth and status through the pearl. During this, Kino transforms from a happy, comfortable father to an unhappy criminal. In this quick transition Kino displays the way the ambition of success and greed can destroy innocence. Kino’s desire to gain wealth changes the way we see the pearl. When we first visualize the pearl we see it as a natural beauty and good luck. As the story continues we start seeing it as a symbol of human destruction. Therefore, Kino’s greed leads him to behave violently towards his wife and it also leads to his son’s death. During his mission he loses sight of his cultural traditions and his society. His dreams start to destroy him. This leads the theme of how a dream is good, until it begins to destroy the things of value in a person’s life. Because Kino believes The Pearl will help him achieve all the dreams he has in store for his son Coyotito Kino does not want to give up the pearl. Juana, who is smart enough to figure out that the pearl is going to cause trouble, asks Kino to throw the pearl away multiple times. And even tries to get rid of it herself. Juana says, This pearl is evil. This pearl is like a sin. It will destroy us all! † Even though Juana warns Kino that the pearl will bring great misfortunes to the family and asks him to throw the pearl away, Kino decides not to listen or take the advice his wife is giving because Kinos mind is already overtaken by his dreams he wishes of achieving with The Pearl. He is blinded by the dream of: Juana and Coyotito and himself standing and kneeling at the high alter in the new white clothes holding a Winchester carbine and ‘’Coyotito sitting at a little desk in a school. It is now clear to us that he is slowly starting to become greedy and that his selfish thoughts are suddenly starting to control his actions and what he says. After Kino has found the pearl of the world, everyone is eager to own it and they all begin to start thinking of their own dreams and what they can achieve if they had a pearl like Kino’s, Every man suddenly becomes related to Kino, and Kinos pearl [goes] into the dreams, the schemes mans enemy. And so, the narrator says, For it is said humans are never satisfied, that you give them one thing and they want something more. In the scene where people try to steal Kinos pearl after the pearl is found, they do whatever they can possibly do in order to steal the pearl. Jealousy has grown in the heart of these people and jealousy has turned them into greedy, selfish people. But in the end Kino was only trying to help his family. This relates to the theme of how love can give someone great courage and strength. Kino loves Juana and Coyotito and he wishes to provide them a luxurious and comfortable life style. Through Juanas character we can see the she was chosen to be shown as an â€Å"iron lady† figure. Being a decent wife and the woman behind his man, Juana chose to remain quiet on their long mission. She shares the joy and sorrow with Kino and Coyotito. When Kino acts offensively towards her, she quietly bears the emotional and physical pain she’s being put through. She pledges her loyalty and faithfulness to Kino and her son Coyotito. Her love for Coyotito gave her courage to suck out the venom from her sons shoulder when he was bitten by the scorpion. When Kino is ready to set off to the ocean, Juana insists in following him because she wants to prepare poultice. The traditional cure made of seaweeds. Compared to Kino, her idea of family love is far safer than Kinos ideas of family values. But Kino’s lack of knowledge stops him from being able to provide a luxurious lifestyle for his family. This is linked to the theme of how knowledge is power. Kino believed that if he could afford to give Coyotito an education, Coyotito would move up in social status and he and Juana’s lives would have improved also. â€Å"And my son will make numbers and these things will make us free because he will know-he will know and through him we will know,† Because of his simple lifestyle and their lower social status in life Kino felt powerless against the doctor. Because of his status Kino could not question the doctor’s procedures or his motives. â€Å"Kino felt the rage and hate melting towards fear. He did not know, and perhaps this doctor did. And he could not take the chance of pitting his certain ignorance against this man’s possible knowledge,† Kino knew that if he had a higher social status he wouldn’t have been manipulated. In conclusion there are many symbols in this novel. The symbols are shown through the use of different themes. The symbols help us to realize the main idea of this novel; that materialistic things can change a civilized man.