The Theories Of Crime, Albert Cohen s Theory Of...

Dr Simon Cottee (2011), for example, took an other approach to translate the terroristic behavior, he described Marc Sageman s seminal research on Al Qaeda, into one amoung the most famous behavioral theories of crime, Albert Cohen s theory of delinquent subcultures. (Cottee, 2011) In his other collaborative reserch, issued the same year, Cottee Hayward (2011), searched for the explaination of â€Å"of possible existential motivations for engaging in terrorism.† Where they have identified three principale explaination amoung the others, like: â€Å"(1) the desire for excitement, (2) the desire for ultimate meaning, and (3) the desire for glory.† I would add my personal opinion here, 5 years passed after this reserch has been issued. We had 9/11, as a major concern and the biggest signature of the Islamic terrorists at this time, but America didn t went to Iraq at this time, consequently we had no Charlie Hebdo, Bataclan and others attacks. If now we try to apply the theory of the  « The Existential Attractions of Terrorism  » (Cottee Hayward, 2011), we will fast realize that none of these 3 categories give an explaination, of those recent acts, which were driven by the religious motivations for and were purely base on hate and punisment constructed on the Islamic order disrespect ( according to the terrorists). Chapter II. Strain theory of terrorism of R. Agnew. (Agnew, 2010) â€Å"In sum, this research retests and builds on Agnew’s theory and argues that general strainShow MoreRelatedDelinquent Youth Subcultures1636 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Delinquent Youth Subcultures A subculture is an offshoot of referential cultural but in essence very different from culture. The term subculture is commonly employed to signify shared systems of common values, norms and interests that distinguish certain people and societies from others. Thus, criminal or delinquent subcultures indicate systems of standards, morals and interests that endorse criminal or delinquent behavior. The numerous activities categorized in law as criminal are related toRead MoreWhy People Commit Crime?1417 Words   |  6 Pagescommit crime. Criminologists, Psychologists, Sociologists and even Biologists have all, at one time or another claimed to have an explanation. However, there is one underlying explanation that has been maintained across centuries, presented by various theorists, and to this day, is widely perceived as truthful. That is the explanation that a certain propensity to commit crime exists within the lower classes of society that does not exist elsewhere. While this may b e able to explain some crime, theseRead MoreThe Theories Of Crime And Criminal Behavior1493 Words   |  6 PagesIn this essay the author will be drawing up on three different criminological theories and how they can explain crime and criminal behaviour differently. There is no universal definition of crime that gives a simple and straight forward definition. Crime is a constantly changing idea that changes due to the persons perceptions of what they would classify as ‘crime’ and what is regarded as criminal behaviour (crime and criminology). There is also no straightforward way of explaining what criminalRead MoreAnomie and General Strain Theories of Crime Essay1267 Words   |  6 PagesAnomie/Strain Theory Historical Background The theoretical framework of strain theory can be credited to sociologist Emile Durkheim. Durkheim research on formed a platform for other sociologist to further develop strain theories of crime. One of which is Robert Merton. One of Durkheim’s major works that opened the door to further research on strain theories was his book, Suicide. In this book Durkheim sough to understand the why led to one’s own self-destruction. Emile Durkheim studied suicide ratesRead MoreAlbert Cohen And The Chemical Warfare Service868 Words   |  4 PagesAlbert Cohen, born in Boston in 1918, where he spent the overwhelming majority of his life in academia. In 1939, he completed his undergraduate studies at Harvard, where he was greatly influenced by his professors, most importantly Merton at Harvard, and Sutherland at Indiana. He chose to leave the New England area for graduate school. Cohen attended Indiana University where he completed his sociology graduate degree in 1942, during a t enuous time for the nation and the world, was gripped in warRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency And Juvenile Crime Essay2267 Words   |  10 Pagescriminal justice. What criminological theories tie in with the problems of juvenile delinquency, juvenile gangs, and the reasons why juveniles do what they do? This paper explains the theories that tie in with the why, and how juveniles end up the way they do. Using the different theories explained in this paper you could hypothesize an explanation as to why the juvenile committed a crime or joined a gang. This paper touches on theories from Merton, Cohen, Cloward, Ohlin, Wolfgang, Ferracuti, andRead MoreWhat Did Durkheim Mean When He Called The Collective Conscience?1260 Words   |  6 Pagesthink this was important for understanding Crime and deviance. 2) Describe Merton s theory of Strain as an explanation of crime and deviance in society. Strain theory refers to when people turn to crime and deviancy when they feel unable to achieve socially approved goals through legitimate means. (Agnew, 1992). Featherstone and Deflem (2003) outline five routes that individuals could take in order to achieve their goals, according to Merton’s theory. The first is the ‘conformist’ route whereRead MoreEssay on Is Working Class Crime a Product of Social Background?1097 Words   |  5 PagesWorking Class Crime is Best Understood as the Product of the Social Background of the Offender To outline and assess this view we will need to look not only at the working class as a sub-culture but also at the other sub-cultures, as a comparison. All sub-cultural theories share the same belief that people who commit crime have different values from the average law abiding citizens. However, these same people associated with crime, do not live in a world with completelyRead MoreDeviance Is A Violation Of Established Contextual, Cultural, Or Social Norms1784 Words   |  8 Pages Crime exists within the broad category of behaviour that sociologists call deviance, according to sociologist William Graham Sumner ‘deviance is a violation of established contextual, cultural, or social norms, whether codified by laws or not.’ and crime is behaviour that breaks a law requiring a legal sanction. Crime is socially and historically subjective, as it varies depending on the time and place the act is committed, for example, homosexuality was illegal and punishable by death under theRead MoreCrime and Delinquency Subculture2061 Words   |  9 PagesCrime and delinquency subculture reflects on culture patterns surrounding crime and juvenile delinquency. It is created not only by individuals, but as one culture, the American culture. Subculture is derivative of, but different from some larger referential cult ures. This term is used to share systems of norms, values, individual, groups and the cultural system itself. Criminal or delinquent subcultures indicate systems of norms, values, or interest that support criminal or delinquent behavior

Andre Dubus And The Fat Girl - 1785 Words

Andre Dubus was a very creative writer. His parents, Andre Dubus and Katherine Dubus, took a very big role in his life. They took care of him and helped him get through college, and college is where his writing career had begun. He had two sisters growing up as well that supported him. He had a lot of great works in his life, and â€Å"The Fat Girl† was one of his most famous works he had ever written. He had a lot of awards throughout his writing career and had many influences on a lot of different people. Andre’s early life affected how he became a famous writer. Andre Dubus grew up in a good and lovely household. He was born in Lake Charles, Louisiana on August 11, 1963 (â€Å"Dubus, Andre†). He was the son of Andre Dubus Sr. and Katherine Burke Dubus ( â€Å"Dubus, Andre†). His father, Andre Dubus Sr.,. was a civil engineer who loved golf and smoked a great deal (â€Å"Dubus, Andre†). His mother, Katherine Burke Dubus, would always listen to her Opera on cold and snowy Saturday afternoons. Growing up, he was the only boy out of the three children. He had two sisters that were named Baton Rouge and Lafayette. He grew up more in the lower-middle class, and the high school Andre Dubus had attended was called Christian Brothers’ Cathedral High School. He went to McNeese State college, getting his BA in 1958. (â€Å"Dubus, Andre†) After getting his bachelor’s degree and marrying a girl by the name of Patricia Lowe, he got enrolled in the military. â€Å"In 1958, having married Patricia Lowe inShow MoreRelatedThe Fat Girl By Andre Dubus2040 Words   |  9 Pagesmeaning than the surface that brings importance to the story. â€Å"The Fat Girl† by Andre Dubus, â€Å"The Red Convertible† by Louise Erdrich, and â€Å"An Ounce of Cure† by Alice Munro are stories that contain most of the components of analyzing short stories. The short story â€Å"The Fat Girl† by Andre Dubus teaches readers about a real life struggle that is commonly faced by others. The main character of the story is Louise, a young teenage girl who deals with the issues of being overweight. Her mother worriesRead MoreThe Fat Girl By Andre Dubus Essay1926 Words   |  8 Pages â€Å"I Am Spirit being 1st Human being 2nd Man / Woman 3rd Black /White 4th Christian/ Muslim 5th Fat/ Pretty/Bald 6th ...When I see...I can only see YOU. Why can t you see me?† -Erykah Badu I believe Louise wanted to be viewed like this her whole life. Sadly the only time she ever noticed that she was â€Å"loved† was when she was starving and 150 pounds lighter. The views of Society man and reality standards of beauty have conflicted over a vast period of time, there s always a certain stigma that Read MoreThe Fat Girl by Andre Dubus6416 Words   |  26 PagesThe Fat Girl Her name was Louise. Once when she was sixteen a boy kissed her at a barbacue; he was drunk and he jammed his tongue into her mouth and ran his hands up and down her hips. Her father kissed her often. He was thin and kind and she could see in his eyes when he looked at her the lights of love and pity. It started when Louise was nine. You must start watching what you eat, her mother would say. I can see you have my metabolism. Louise also had her mother’s pale blond hairRead MoreThe Fat Girl A Short Story by Andre Dubis1175 Words   |  5 PagesIn the short story â€Å"The Fat Girl† by Andre Dubis, the main character Louise is followed from the time she is nine years old up until she has her own child. Her mother ruins her self-confidence at a young age saying to her â€Å"you must start watching what you eat† (Dubus 320) when she was only nine years old. Her father is just about the only character in the story who accepts Louise for herself. â€Å"She’s a growing girl† (Dubus 321) he would say to her mother when she would limit Louise on what she couldRead MoreEssay on The Fat Girl945 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The Fat Girl† In American culture, the obese body is represented very negatively. One factor that contributes to this negative representation is the abundance of negative reactions that people display towards overweight people. It is a stigma that often taints and belittles the person, leading others to judge the individual negatively, rejecting, hating, or ridiculing him or her. That can often lead the obese person to develop sever psychological problems. In the story TheRead MoreBelonging Essay4112 Words   |  17 PagesKavalier and Clay AF Clare, Monica Karobran: the story of an Aboriginal girl AF Conrad, Joseph The heart of darkness AF Cormier, Robert The chocolate war YA Cormier, Robert I am the cheese YA Courtenay, Bryce The power of one AF Dickens, Charles Oliver Twist AF JF Dickens, Charles Tale of two cities AF JF Dostoevsky, Fydor Crime and punishment AF Doyle, Roddy Paddy Clarke Ha Ha AF http://www.themanbookerprize.com/search Dubus, Andre House of sand and fog AF Duff, Alan Once were warriors AF Dumas, Alexandre

Whats Wrong with Beauty Pageants Critique, 1968

Religion At The University Of Dayton - 1552 Words

As a private, religious institution, the University of Dayton requires students to obtain an education that includes religion courses. This can be seen as advantageous in the eyes of society, further preparing young adults for the future. The academic study of religion at the University of Dayton is beneficial to American society because it educates, enlightens, emphasizes the university’s mission, and aids students in their future endeavors. Because of the diversity amongst the university’s student population, some of the information obtained can be interpreted historically or religiously. For example, in the Introduction to Religious Studies and Theology class, students focus on strictly secular viewpoints of Judaism and Islam. According to William Portier, they learn about the groundbreaking events for each religion, such as â€Å"the Passover meal, the eucharist, [and] the pilgrimage to Mecca† (Portier 53). The text â€Å"What Do Our Neighbors Believe?† discusses the origins, significant events, and key people of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. It discusses these religions from a historical viewpoint, such as the â€Å"major turning point [in] 1492 with the expulsion of Jews from Christian Spain† (Greenstein et al. 3) for Judaism and for Islam, when â€Å"a voice spoke to [Muhammad] and commanded ‘Recite!’† (Greenstein et al. 5). Document can provide a historical illus tration of the world while certain religions were emerging. William Portier discusses Ninian Smart’s tactic for studyingShow MoreRelated 1950-1960 Essay1699 Words   |  7 Pagesof the 1950s was the debut of American Bandstand on ABC, hosted by Dick Clark. The new show gave Americans the opportunity to learn the latest dance steps such as the stroll (Layman 20). America was leading the way in modern cultural trends. Religion was another cultural issue during the 1950s era, which raised enormous interest in the United States. In fact, the most popular television show was a religious show, Life is Worth Living, by Bishop Fulton J. Sheen (Layman 393). Other biblicalRead MoreThe Scopes Monkey Trial942 Words   |  4 Pagesvalues due to people attempting to see which values would dominate the nation’s culture. One conflict was between science and religion; ever since science began to explain what once was unexplainable, it clashed with religion. Thus, in 1925, the Scopes â€Å"Monkey† Trial revealed the struggle of America’s culture between the forces of Traditionalism and Modernism. The mixture of religion and science caused one of the most famous debates in American history to occur because ideas were the main focus insteadRead MoreAeronautical Pioneers: The Story of Orville and Wilbur Wright652 Words   |  3 Pagesincluding the challenges they faced and their great accomp lishments. The Wright brothers led lives of two truly great American businessman and partners, fulfilling the American dream to its greatest extent. These two brothers, Orville, born in Dayton, Ohio, on August 19 in the year 1871 (â€Å"Orville Wright† 1), and Wilbur Wright, born in Melville, Indiana, on April 16 in the year 1867 (â€Å"Wilbur Wright† 1), were two of five children (â€Å"Orville Wright† 1). The brothers were born to Milton Wright, aRead MoreCreationism vs. Evolution Essay1170 Words   |  5 PagesSince the Age of the Enlightenment, the institution of religion has had to contend with the opposition of science regarding the issues of the origins of the world and of the human species. Up until around the end of the 17th century, the church was the authority on how the world and everything in it had come to be. However, with the great intellectual revolution came thinkers such as Galileo, Copernicus, Bacon, Descartes, and many others who challenged the bi blical assumptions with empiricallyRead MoreEssay on Science V. Religion: The Scopes Monkey Trial1397 Words   |  6 Pages One can see clear differences between these two theories. The history of the Scopes trial begins in Tennessee with the Butler Act, which passed on March 13, 1925. The Butler Act stated that â€Å"it shall be unlawful for any teacher in any of the Universities, Normals and all other public schools of the... to teach any theory that denies the story of the Divine Creation of man as taught in the Bible, and to teach instead that man has descended from a lower order of animals.† This was considered by manyRead MoreAeronautical Pioneers: The Story of Orville and Wilbur Wright1639 Words   |  7 Pagesincluding the challenges they faced and their great accomplishments. The Wright brothers led lives of two truly great American businessmen and partners, fulfilling the American dream to its greatest extent. These two brothers, Orville, born in Dayton, Ohio, on August 19 in the year 1871 (â€Å"Orville Wright† 1), and Wilbur Wright, born in Melville, Indiana, on April 16 in the year 1867 (â€Å"Wilbur Wright† 1), were two of five children (â€Å"Orville Wright† 1). The brothers were born to Milton Wright, aRead MoreEssay EFFECTS OF THE GAELIC LEAGUE1116 Words   |  5 Pagesboth are well-read in both languages by the time they left primary school (Hepburn 203). The school curriculum was now being taught by both English and Gaelic speaking languages. This change is first occurring mostly at the college level and at universities like Castleknock and Clongowes in Dublin, which guaranteed successes of their students no matter what language they’re taught in (Hutchinson 492). Irish heritage was spread across Ireland from the students at school and because of the big numberRead MoreComparisons and Contrasts of Phillis Wheatley and Paul Laurence Dunbar684 Words   |  3 Pages Dunbar was born in Dayton, Ohio as an American the year 1872. His mother was an ex-slave and his father had escaped slavery and served during the Civil War. His parents were both natives of Kentucky Another difference is the two writers educational backgrounds. Phillis Wheatley had no type of formal education. Her owner’s wife taught her English and encouraged her learning. She was also tutored in various subjects including Latin, history, geography and religion. Dunbar on the otherRead MoreEssay about Literary Analysis: Clay and The Dead1336 Words   |  6 PagesLiterary Analysis: Clay and The Dead In the fifteen Dubliners stories, city life, religion, friends and family bring hope to individuals discovering what it means to be human. Two stories stood out in James Joyce’s Dubliners. One story attempts to mislead readers as it is hard to follow and the other story is the most famous story in the book. In the stories â€Å"Clay† and â€Å"The Dead,† James Joyce uses escape themes to deal with the emotions of the characters, Maria and Gabriel living in the DublinRead More The Decline of Aristocracy in The Communist Manifesto Essay972 Words   |  4 Pagesproperty and capital distribution, which hindered the advancement of the Proletariat. Marx believed that the Proletariat must abolish capitalism in order to destroy the Bourgeoisie culture and aspects of the upper class, such as aspects of family, religion, and morality. The result of this struggle would be â€Å"an association in which the free development of each is the condition for the development of all.†8 Marx argued that the revolution of classes was inevitable and that the unstable nature

The Diversity Of Diversity, Values, And Perceptions Of...

According to the SJSU Communication Studies department, â€Å"Diversity explores the variety and complexity of communication efforts to shape beliefs, values, and perceptions in different communities and cultures.† Diversity is one of the four major cornerstones in the department, and although each and every cornerstone speaks to me, diversity is critical to me because it is what made me who I am today. I was born and raised in one of the most diverse places in the country, the San Francisco Bay Area. Growing up in the Bay meant that I was exposed to multiculturalism at an early age and this early exposure did a great deal in teaching me the importance of diversity. For example, when I was a child, I was surprised to learn that one of my Chinese friends never said â€Å"I love you,† whether it was to her parents, any family members, or her own friends. I was surprised to learn this but she taught me that it was normal in her culture, and I realized that it did not necessarily mean her parents did not love her; they just had other ways of getting the message across. I learned that it was not just about merely respecting the many different languages and cultures; it was understanding that each person came with their own background and their own a distinct way in which they communicated and interacted in. Throughout the years, I met people from all over the globe and I realized that every race, every culture, every person has their own unique way of communicating. Direct verbalShow MoreRelatedDiversity Considerations Essay1386 Words   |  6 PagesDiversity Considerations Introduction This paper will analyze the influence of culture on attitudes, values, perception, human behavior, and interpersonal relations. The discriminatory factors that promote societal, political, socioeconomic, and spiritual oppression of culturally diverse populations will be described within this paper. Racial and cultural diversity within non-native English-speaking communities will be examined. Furthermore, this paper will also analyze how current researchRead MoreMulticultural Education Is A Lifetime Learning Development982 Words   |  4 PagesCulture contains of the beliefs, behaviors, objects, and other characteristics common to the members of a particular group or society. Through culture, individuals and groups characterize themselves, conform to society s shared values, and contribute to society. Consequently, culture includes numerous societal aspects: language, customs, values, norms, mores, rules, tools, technologies, products, organizations, and institutions. (Cliff Notes) On the other hand, multicultural education is a lifetimeRead MoreDiversity As A Ethical Imperative Essay1037 Words   |  5 Pagessummarize diversity as a ethical imperative. There will be a secular and biblical policy that explains diversity as a ethical imperative. Diversity is important in an organization and in order to sustain a ethical culture, it is in the company’s best interest to create a diverse workplace. In addition to the statement policy, this paper will consist of what the majority decides is important in reference to diversity in an organization and will mention the benefits of embracing diversity. In orderRead MoreAoteaora New Zealand s Society Essay1608 Words   |  7 Pagesand it also helps us discern the negative aspects of diversity and multiculturalism. By examining and understanding biculturalism, it helps us discern the Treaty of Waitangi’s role and influences in the human services provision here in New Zealand. Biculturalism is quite a specific concept, but there are many diverse perceptions and interpretations on what it should look like. Ultimately, we can define biculturalism as two distinct cultures that exist in the same place and country (Random HouseRead MoreEssay on Diversity in Education1208 Words   |  5 PagesLike it or not, there has always been diversity among students in the classroom. It is the fact that each and every student is unique. From every circumstance, students bring a varying set of values, perspectives, and beliefs to the learning environment. Understanding the character of students is important in order to become a competent teacher. In fact, teachers should be aware and recognize students, as unique individuals, all acquire information differently than others. Some of these differencesRead MoreAnalysis Of Louise Leiningers Theory Of Transcultural Nursing1484 Words   |  6 Pagesassignment week 3 In today’s society, our culture is becoming more diverse than it had been in history. This is an important concept that is necessary for nurses to understand in order to provide the best care possible with the best out comes possible. â€Å"We embrace diversity because by doing so our understanding of our world and our emotional and intellectual horizons are expanded, making us better advocates for our clients and better members of the communities in which we work and live† (Sedgwick LLPRead MoreCultural Competency in Nursing Care1697 Words   |  7 Pagesculturally diverse one cannot help but be exposed to various cultures and worldviews. America has long been called the melting pot, and that term has never been truer than it is today. According to Green and Reinckens (2013) the U.S. Census Bureau estimates that by the year 2041 the U.S. population will be a majority minority. In other words, less than half of the population will be non-Hispanic, single race Cauca sian. This growing diversity makes cultural competence in healthcare a necessary requirementRead MoreDiversity and Business in the United States Essay examples1573 Words   |  7 PagesDiversity and Business in the United States The demographics of the United States are changing at a rapid pace and consequently we are observing a â€Å"transformation in the culture and buying habits of this nation.† (Robinson, Pfeffer, Buccigrossi, 2003) As a result, historically small niche markets are gaining an increasing prevalence within the U.S. marketplace and have substantially higher buying power. If companies are to continue to thrive in this modern economic environment they mustRead MoreWhy Discrimination Is Common Among The Racially Different People1205 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction: Discrimination is when an individual is being ridiculed or rejected on the basis of their beliefs or culture. Discrimination is still present in Australian schools and can take place through verbal, written, visual, and emotional. The people who experience discrimination commonly are not often acknowledged by the teacher or counsellor of the school. The risk is that when discriminatory behaviours are permitted to go unchecked in school, an environment develops in the classroom, in whichRead More Multicultural Educational System Essay1701 Words   |  7 PagesStates has been a racially and ethnically a diverse nation. Since Americans represent a variety of cultures and have a variety of viewpoints, we share many cultural traditions, values, and political ideals that cement us together as a nation. Children can develop their ideas and their identity at early stages in schools. Education should stress the value of diversity and avoid portraying one culture or group as superior to othe rs. A multicultural educational system would not only educate the students

North Korea Surprise Attack Essay Example For Students

North Korea Surprise Attack Essay In 1949, Congress dragged its feet in considering a $150 million dollar aid bill to South Korea. Syngman Rhee had so often talked about invading North Korea that US leaders feared giving him too much in the way of weapons. For this reason, South Korea was sent only rifles, bazookas, and light artillery; tanks an airplanes were held back. Also by 1949, most of the US military had moved out. Only 500 advisors, known as KMAG (the Korean Military Advisory Group) remained in South Korea, under the command of Brigadier-General William L. Roberts. In January of 1950, the House defeated the Korean Aid Bill by a single vote; Korea was scheduled no to get American Aid for the following year, 1950. On June 25, 1950 the North Korean army attacked South Korea, crossing the 38th Parallel. Pentagon officials were stunned, and had no immediate contingency plan ready. Some said little could be done, while others suggested it was the beginning of Stalins plot to take over the world. Truman and his circle of advisers sat firmly in this latter group. Truman and his circle of advisers sat firmly in this latter group. Immediately upon the invasion, these advisors discussed the prospect of sending General Douglas MacArthur, the US commander in the Far East, to lead a military response. The North Korean invaders hoped to take Seoul, the South Korean capital, as quickly as possible. The majority of ROK forces were routed by North Korean troops. Only one ROK division, the 6th, held its ground. John Muccio, the American ambassador to South Korea, quickly reported back to Washington that a probable full-scale attack was under way. Meanwhile, Syngman Rhee reacted to news of the invasion by ordering the imprisonment of more South Koreans. The UN was particularly upset about the North Korean invasion, because it had overseen the elections held in 1948, and did not want to see a war undo that election. UN Secretary-General Trygve Lie called the invasion a war against the United Nations. Truman hoped to use the UN as an instrument of US power, and UNCOK (the UN Council on Korea) condemned the attack as a breach of peace. On Nov. 30, 1950, the UN passed a resolution condemning North Koreas actions.

Marketing Communications Coca Cola Amatil †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Marketing Communications Coca Cola Amatil. Answer: Introduction: Company Background Coca-Cola Amatil, abbreviated as CCA is the leading soft drink dealer in Australia. The organization is among the five top branch companies of Coca-cola Company. It produces non-alcoholic drinks which are ready-to-drink beverages. The organization produces the common Coca-Cola products which include Coca-Cola drink (Coke), Sprite, Fanta, Kirks, Lift, Zico Coconut water and Powerade among many others. It handles the manufacture, the sales and the general distribution of these drinks. Besides, CCA produces and sells some alcoholic drinks within Australia and other parts of the Asia Pacific region. CCA has employed more than 35000 people across the entire Australia to handle the manufacture, the sales, and distribution of Coca-Cola products. CCA has much manufacturing located at various points in Australia. These areas include Moorabbin, Thebarton, Kewdale, Richlands and Northmead among many others. The manufacturing sites have played a critical role in placing the company at a better position to meet the needs of its huge Australian market. CCA is always keen to create and sustain a close relationship between the customers, the owners of the brand, the manufacture, sell and distribution of its products. Product Description The Coca-Cola Amatil's product chosen for this report is Coca-cola drink also called Coke. The product is one of the most iconic drinks of the CCA in Australia and other countries. Coke is a carbonated drink that has reached many people in the Australian market, and even beyond Australia, becoming the most dominant soft drink on the globe (Spurgeon, 2008). The drink is packed in cans and bottles which have variations as per the market needs. Currently, the CCA has produced various tastes of Coke drink to satisfy the market demand for the taste of Coke. Some of these include Coca-Cola Vanilla, Coca-Cola Cherry, and Caffeine-Free Coca-Cola among many others. Target Market for Coke Coca-Cola Amatil has been one of the organizations on the front-line to adopt the best strategies to become the market industry leader. The company has worked to ensure that it satisfies its target segments for better service to customers. CCA works with a vision of ensuring that every person in Australia drinks Coke. Therefore, CCA does not target specific segments in the market but always makes attempts to reach anyone to drink Coke. Considering the psychographics, geographical and demographic segmentation, it is clear that coke targets all people in Australia and even in the entire world. These objective has made CCA come up with appropriate products to satisfy different kinds of customers in the market (Nagra, Kumari, Gopal, and Manjrekar, 2012, pp. 56-61). Regarding age, CCA targets people of all ages reaching both the young, the middle aged and the old population. The organization has grouped people into various age groups and is always making efforts to give them appropriate code products. However, it has been observed that CCA targets most people at a younger age. Also, the company does not have a specific gender; it targets people of all types of gender. Regarding lifestyle, CCA has portrayed interests in the mobile generation and the busy people (Gambetti and Schultz, 2015, pp. 1-4). The organization targets the m-generation segment and believes it an important for its business. The main occupation characteristic that the CCA targets is students and the family oriented people. Concerning the geographic factors, CCA targets the entire market in Australia regardless of the specific geographical characteristics. The company does not have a specific target geographical location but aims at achieving the consumption of all the people regardless of whey come from. There are certain factors concerning the CCA's customer's media habits (Darakeva, 2013). Besides, the people who are connected and like surprises. In its strategy, CCA has integrated continuous market segment identification and satisfying their needs (Keller, 2008, pp. 65-74). Positioning of Coke CCA has highly positioned itself in Australia's soft drink market. The company is a subsidiary of Coca-Cola company has adopted the positioning strategy of the main company. The organization is driven by the statement "Think global, act internationally." Therefore, it is evident that CCA has incorporated a high level of the positioning of coke in its organizational culture (Coke Solutions, 2014). The company aims at producing high-quality products which are placed above any other soft drinks in Australia. The organization works to produce products that meet international market requirements yet sold to the local market in Australia. Thus, this has enabled coke to stay leading in the soft drinks market in Australia. All the companies operating as subsidiaries of Coca-cola Company have adopted the strategic positioning strategy of the main company. The organization works to ensure that it gives a good image both in Australia and other parts of the world (Dudovskiy, 2015). It has ensured that all the people in Australia perceive it positively. The strategic positioning of Coca-cola has played a critical role in its sales since anyone want to be associated with Coca-cola (Vladmir, Miroslav and Papic, 2012, pp. 141-154). Also, CCA uses the Coca-Cola Company's positioning proposition which says "Live the coke side of life." The proposition has helped the company to ensure that the people feel and desire to be associated with Coke. It brings about an aspect of joy and the happiness of life that may be obtained for those consuming Coke. Most customers tend to associate the brand with their emotions or feelings. The proposition has also played a critical role in increasing the loyalty of the customers to its products mostly because of their good perception of the brand. The CCA's ability to move the emotions of the customers has been one of the key aspects for Coke's broader market penetration. Therefore, CCA has effectively positioned Coke in the market more than any other player in the Australian soft drink industry. Communication Goal Coca-Cola applies Integrated Marketing Communications to achieve its objectives of communication in the company. The company has achieved the IMC by applying and combining various communication channels which work together to make an effective communication to the market. These channels include advertising, the public relations, personal selling, digital marketing and digital marketing among others. These marketing communication channels play a critical role in helping the company achieve its communication objectives. The main objectives of the IMC program that CCA targets to achieve can be summed into three aspects which are to communicate, compete and convince. CCA uses IMC programs to communicate various aspects of Coke to its stakeholders. The company tries to communicate its information in a clear, truthful and accurate way (Jobber, 2007). This increases the customer's confidence in the company brand. It targets to create awareness of the product, inform and educate the buyers on various aspects of the product. Besides, the company also targets back way communication through its IMC programs whereby they target to get feedback from its customers and then work towards improving them. The CCA also targets to use the integrated marketing communication approach to convince its parties of interest. Through the IMC, CCA can convince the customers and make them like the Coke over other players of soft drink products in the market. Besides, the IMC targets to satisfy the new potential customers to try out Coke and thus, a way of convincing them. It is also clear that the CCA aims at using IMC to compete and beat its competitors in the industry (Solomon, Marshall, and Stuart, 2009). This is achieved by making a message that encourages the customers to buy and drink more of Coke more than other brands thus getting more sales than others. Therefore, with effective passing of message through the IMC and its ability to convince the many customers, CCA can get a competitive advantage over other players in the industry. Message strategy and Executional Tactics at CCA Coca-Cola Amatil has its goals in place that it tries to achieve from the integrated marketing communication. The company has achieved this by designing messages which convey certain aspects in the brand. These messages are then conveyed through images, words, audio sound, and the videos. The message of CCA regarding its product Coke attempts to bring out a message that Coke quenches the thirst, Coke is stylish and also that drinking of Coke is the best lifestyle (Foster, 2008). The message strategy brings about the customer's perception that Coke is the best drink in the world to stop the urge for a drink referring to it as the thirst. Therefore, through its marketing messages strategies, CCA is in a better position to win many customers who want to 'quench' their thirst. The IMC message of CCA on its products also attempts to explain to the public that Coke is stylish. Every human being has pushed them to pursue fashionable items in their environment. Therefore, emphasizing on the stylish aspect attracts many people to use the product (Lamb, Hair, Mcdaniel, Boshoff and Terblanche, 2008). Besides, the message is from CCA's IMC, informs the user that consumption of Coke is part of the lifestyle. User get to perceive and adopt the drinking of soft drinks into their lifestyles as part of life. Therefore, the message helps the company to get more market, increase the customer loyalty to the brand and thus increase the organization's profitability in return (Wilkin, 2009). All the media channels the CCA all have a target of relaying the IMC objectives to the customers of the organization. The effective communication of the message has increased the profitability of the organization and also strengthened the brand loyalty of its clients (Strydom, Jooste and Cant, 2008). Therefore, the message strategy of CCA makes the customers believe that Coke is an essential commodity in their life (Verhoef, Kannan and Inman, 2015, pp. 174-181). Promotional Mix and Media Strategies for CCA CCA has employed advertisement strategy for Coke in its business. The company has adopted various types of media to ensure that the information reaches most of its customers (Vantamay, 2011). Some of these media sources used by CCA in promoting Coke include the print where the company advertises using newspapers and magazines, the Television media, the radio among many others (Odden, 2008). CCA has also embraced public relations (PR) through corporate social responsibility. This has helped to increase the organization's productivity and sustainability, especially in the long term. Other CSR activities include sponsorship in the community such as giving donations to the projects, helping upcoming musicians, events and many others. The CCA uses direct marketing strategies to promote its products. The organization partners with other business such as hotels and restaurants as one of the IMC mix. Also, the company uses sales promotion in its marketing and advertising mix. These include discounts, offers, visibility in shelves among many others. Besides, the company applies interactive marketing and the social media. Some of these social media channels that CCA uses include Facebook and Twitter among many others (Tsikirayi, Muchenje, and Katsidzira, 2012). Thus, these promotional channels have helped Coke to make achieve an effective communication of its products. Conclusion In conclusion, effective marketing communication is key for the success of every business organization. It is a way to reach the market, speak to them, convince them and compete with other players in the industry. Targeting helps in satisfying the customers by segmenting them into portions and then delivering as per their needs. Also, business needs to position their brands above competitors for effective communication. The best way to communicate to the market starts by the formulation of the rightful message to be communicated to the audience. The company then delivers the message through a variety of promotional mix and media. 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